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Analysis

Nature 427, 415-418 (29 January 2004) | doi:10.1038/nature02257; Received 8 September 2003; Accepted 2 December 2003

Open Innovation Challenges

Summing up the noise in gene networks

Johan Paulsson

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Random fluctuations in genetic networks are inevitable as chemical reactions are probabilistic and many genes, RNAs and proteins are present in low numbers per cell. Such 'noise' affects all life processes and has recently been measured using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two studies show that negative feedback suppresses noise, and three others identify the sources of noise in gene expression. Here I critically analyse these studies and present a simple equation that unifies and extends both the mathematical and biological perspectives.

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