Abstract

The goal of the International HapMap Project is to determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome and to make this information freely available in the public domain. An international consortium is developing a map of these patterns across the genome by determining the genotypes of one million or more sequence variants, their frequencies and the degree of association between them, in DNA samples from populations with ancestry from parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. The HapMap will allow the discovery of sequence variants that affect common disease, will facilitate development of diagnostic tools, and will enhance our ability to choose targets for therapeutic intervention.

1. Affiliations for participants: Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
2. ParAllele BioScience, 384 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 8, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
3. Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100300, China
4. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 128 Yen-Jiou Yuan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan, 115
5. Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 250 Bi Bo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
6. Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Yongchang North Road 3-707, Beijing Economy and Technology Development Zone, 100176, China
7. University of Hong Kong, Genome Research Centre, 6/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
8. University of Hong Kong, 10/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
9. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Biochemistry, Room 608, 6/F Mong Man Wai Building, Shatin, Hong Kong
10. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Clear Water Bay, Knowloon, Hong Kong
11. Illumina, 9885 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
12. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada
13. University of California, San Francisco, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 505 Parnassus Avenue Long 1332A, Box 0130, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
14. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
15. University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Sirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
16. RIKEN SNP Research Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
17. RIKEN Technology Transfer and Research Coordination Division, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
18. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
19. Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
20. Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Wellman 831, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
21. Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
22. Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ezuko Institution for Developmental Disabilities, Ezumachi 575, Kumamoto, Japan
23. Shinshu University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
24. University of Tsukuba, Eubios Ethics Institute, P.O. Box 125, Tsukuba Science City 305-8691, Japan
25. Howard University, National Human Genome Center, 2216 6th Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, USA
26. University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
27. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Bioethics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
28. University of Utah, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
29. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
30. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, McKusick–Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
31. University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
32. University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
33. University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
34. North Carolina State University, Bioinformatics Research Center, Campus Box 7566, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
35. US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
36. US National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
37. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Center for Applied Ethics, 2121, Building 9, Caoqiao Xinyuan 3 Qu, Beijing 100054, China
38. Genetic Interest Group, 4D Leroy House, 436 Essex Road, London N1 3QP, UK
39. Kyoto University, Institute for Research in Humanities, Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
40. Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
41. University of Montréal, The Public Law Research Centre (CRDP), P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
42. University of Oklahoma, Department of Anthropology, 455 West Lindsey Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
43. Vanderbilt University, Center for Genetics and Health Policy, 507 Light Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
44. Wellcome Trust, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK
45. Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Sequencing Center, Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
46. Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
47. Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Road, Beijing 100864, China
48. Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, 15B Fuxing Road, Beijing 100862, China
49. Genome Canada, 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 2100, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1P1, Canada
50. McGill University, Office of Technology Transfer, 3550 University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
51. Génome Québec, 630 Boulevard René-Lévesque Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3B 1S6, Canada
52. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
53. Hiraki and Associates, Toranomon No. 5 Mori Building, 17-1, Toranomon 1-Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
54. The SNP Consortium, 3 Parkway North, Deerfield, Illinois 60015, USA
55. GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
56. US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
57. Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 1 Cloister Court, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
58. US National Institutes of Health, Office of Technology Transfer, 6011 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
59. University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
60. Herbert Smith, Exchange House, Primrose Street, London EC2A 2HS, UK
61. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the McKusick–Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
62. Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, 701A Welch Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
63. New York University, Department of Sociology, 269 Mercer Street, New York, New York 10003, USA
64. University of California, Berkeley, Department of Sociology, 2420 Bowditch, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
65. University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 214 East Nizhoni Boulevard, Gallup, New Mexico 87301, USA
66. University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
67. University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, 1241 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
68. University of Wisconsin School of Law, 975 Bascom Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
69. The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
70. Genetic Alliance, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 404, Washington, District of Columbia 20008, USA
71. University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Box 357730, Seattle, Washington 98125, USA
72. University of Chicago, Department of Ecology and Evolution, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
73. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
74. US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA