Feature
Nature 426, 789-796 (18 December 2003) | doi:10.1038/02168
The International HapMap Project
The International HapMap Consortium for (Participants are arranged alphabetically by institution, and then by principal investigator and alphabetically by last name.), Richard A. Gibbs1, John W. Belmont1, Paul Hardenbol2, Thomas D. Willis2 & Fuli Yu1 for Genotyping centres: Baylor College of Medicine and ParAllele BioScience, Huanming Yang3, Lan-Yang Ch'ang4, Wei Huang5, Bin Liu3, Yan Shen6, Paul Kwong-Hang Tam7, Lap-Chee Tsui8, Mary Miu Yee Waye9, Jeffrey Tze-Fei Wong10, Changqing Zeng3 & Qingrun Zhang3 for Chinese HapMap Consortium, Mark S. Chee11, Luana M. Galver11, Semyon Kruglyak11, Sarah S. Murray11 & Arnold R. Oliphant11 for Illumina, Alexandre Montpetit12, Thomas J. Hudson12, Fanny Chagnon12, Vincent Ferretti12, Martin Leboeuf12, Michael S. Phillips12 & Andrei Verner12 for McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Pui-Yan Kwok13, Shenghui Duan14, Denise L. Lind13, Raymond D. Miller14, John P. Rice14, Nancy L. Saccone14, Patricia Taillon-Miller14 & Ming Xiao13 for University of California at San Francisco and Washington University, Yusuke Nakamura15,16, Akihiro Sekine16, Koki Sorimachi16, Toshihiro Tanaka16, Yoichi Tanaka16, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda16 & Eiji Yoshino17 for University of Tokyo and RIKEN, David R. Bentley18, Panos Deloukas18, Sarah Hunt18 & Don Powell18 for Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, David Altshuler19,20 & Stacey B. Gabriel19 for Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Houcan Zhang21 & Changqing Zeng3 for Community engagement/public consultation and sample-collection groups: Beijing Normal University and Beijing Genomics Institute, Ichiro Matsuda22, Yoshimitsu Fukushima23, Darryl R. Macer24 & Eiko Suda24 for Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Eubios Ethics Institute and Shinshu University, Charles N. Rotimi25, Clement A. Adebamowo26, Toyin Aniagwu26, Patricia A. Marshall27, Olayemi Matthew26, Chibuzor Nkwodimmah26 & Charmaine D. M. Royal25 for Howard University and University of Ibadan, Mark F. Leppert28 & Missy Dixon28 for University of Utah, Lincoln D. Stein29, Fiona Cunningham29, Ardavan Kanani29 & Gudmundur A. Thorisson29 for Analysis Groups: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Aravinda Chakravarti30, Peter E. Chen30, David J. Cutler30 & Carl S. Kashuk30 for Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Peter Donnelly31, Jonathan Marchini31, Gilean A. T. McVean31 & Simon R. Myers31 for University of Oxford, Lon R. Cardon32, Gonçalo R. Abecasis33, Andrew Morris32 & Bruce S. Weir34 for University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, James C. Mullikin35, Stephen T. Sherry36 & Michael Feolo36 for US National Institutes of Health, David Altshuler19,20, Mark J. Daly19 & Stephen F. Schaffner19 for Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Renzong Qiu37 for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Alastair Kent38 for Genetic Interest Group, Georgia M. Dunston25 for Howard University, Kazuto Kato39 for Kyoto University, Norio Niikawa40 for Nagasaki University, Bartha M. Knoppers41 for University of Montréal, Morris W. Foster42 for University of Oklahoma, Ellen Wright Clayton43 & Vivian Ota Wang43 for Vanderbilt University, Jessica Watkin44 for Wellcome Trust, Richard A. Gibbs1, John W. Belmont1, Erica Sodergren1 & George M. Weinstock1 for SNP Discovery: Baylor College of Medicine, Richard K. Wilson45 & Lucinda L. Fulton45 for Washington University, Jane Rogers18 for Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Bruce W. Birren46 for Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Hua Han47 for Scientific Management: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongguang Wang48 for Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Martin Godbout49 & John C. Wallenburg50 for Genome Canada, Paul L'Archevêque51 & Guy Bellemare51 for Génome Québec, Kazuo Todani52, Takashi Fujita53 & Satoshi Tanaka52 for Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Arthur L. Holden54 & Eric H. Lai55 for The SNP Consortium, Francis S. Collins56, Lisa D. Brooks56, Jean E. McEwen56, Mark S. Guyer56, Elke Jordan57, Jane L. Peterson56, Jack Spiegel58, Lawrence M. Sung59 & Lynn F. Zacharia56 for US National Institutes of Health, Karen Kennedy44, Michael G. Dunn44, Richard Seabrook44, Mark Shillito60, Barbara Skene44 & John G. Stewart44 for Wellcome Trust, David L. Valle (chair)61, Ellen Wright Clayton (co-chair)43, Lynn B. Jorde (co-chair)28, John W. Belmont1, Aravinda Chakravarti30, Mildred K. Cho62, Troy Duster63,64, Morris W. Foster42, Marla Jasperse65, Bartha M. Knoppers41, Pui-Yan Kwok13, Julio Licinio66, Jeffrey C. Long67, Patricia A. Marshall27, Pilar N. Ossorio68, Vivian Ota Wang43, Charles N. Rotimi25, Charmaine D. M. Royal25, Patricia Spallone44,69 & Sharon F. Terry70 for Initial Planning Groups: Populations and Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Group, Eric S. Lander (chair)46, Eric H. Lai (co-chair)55, Deborah A. Nickerson (co-chair)71, Gonçalo R. Abecasis33, David Altshuler19,20, David R. Bentley18, Michael Boehnke33, Lon R. Cardon32, Mark J. Daly19, Panos Deloukas18, Julie A. Douglas67, Stacey B. Gabriel19, Richard R. Hudson72, Thomas J. Hudson12, Leonid Kruglyak73, Pui-Yan Kwok13, Yusuke Nakamura15,16, Robert L. Nussbaum74, Charmaine D. M. Royal25, Stephen F. Schaffner19, Stephen T. Sherry36, Lincoln D. Stein29 & Toshihiro Tanaka16 for Methods Group & for
Abstract
The goal of the International HapMap Project is to determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome and to make this information freely available in the public domain. An international consortium is developing a map of these patterns across the genome by determining the genotypes of one million or more sequence variants, their frequencies and the degree of association between them, in DNA samples from populations with ancestry from parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. The HapMap will allow the discovery of sequence variants that affect common disease, will facilitate development of diagnostic tools, and will enhance our ability to choose targets for therapeutic intervention.
- Affiliations for participants: Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- ParAllele BioScience, 384 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 8, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100300, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 128 Yen-Jiou Yuan Road, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan, 115
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 250 Bi Bo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing, Yongchang North Road 3-707, Beijing Economy and Technology Development Zone, 100176, China
- University of Hong Kong, Genome Research Centre, 6/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- University of Hong Kong, 10/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Biochemistry, Room 608, 6/F Mong Man Wai Building, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Clear Water Bay, Knowloon, Hong Kong
- Illumina, 9885 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, 740 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A4, Canada
- University of California, San Francisco, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 505 Parnassus Avenue Long 1332A, Box 0130, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Sirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- RIKEN SNP Research Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Technology Transfer and Research Coordination Division, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Wellman 831, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ezuko Institution for Developmental Disabilities, Ezumachi 575, Kumamoto, Japan
- Shinshu University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, Eubios Ethics Institute, P.O. Box 125, Tsukuba Science City 305-8691, Japan
- Howard University, National Human Genome Center, 2216 6th Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, USA
- University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Bioethics, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- University of Utah, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, McKusick–Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- University of Oxford, Department of Statistics, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- North Carolina State University, Bioinformatics Research Center, Campus Box 7566, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- US National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Center for Applied Ethics, 2121, Building 9, Caoqiao Xinyuan 3 Qu, Beijing 100054, China
- Genetic Interest Group, 4D Leroy House, 436 Essex Road, London N1 3QP, UK
- Kyoto University, Institute for Research in Humanities, Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- University of Montréal, The Public Law Research Centre (CRDP), P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Anthropology, 455 West Lindsey Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Center for Genetics and Health Policy, 507 Light Hall, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Wellcome Trust, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK
- Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Sequencing Center, Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 52 Sanlihe Road, Beijing 100864, China
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, 15B Fuxing Road, Beijing 100862, China
- Genome Canada, 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 2100, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1P1, Canada
- McGill University, Office of Technology Transfer, 3550 University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
- Génome Québec, 630 Boulevard René-Lévesque Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3B 1S6, Canada
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 3-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hiraki and Associates, Toranomon No. 5 Mori Building, 17-1, Toranomon 1-Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
- The SNP Consortium, 3 Parkway North, Deerfield, Illinois 60015, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, 1 Cloister Court, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- US National Institutes of Health, Office of Technology Transfer, 6011 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
- University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Herbert Smith, Exchange House, Primrose Street, London EC2A 2HS, UK
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the McKusick–Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, 701A Welch Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- New York University, Department of Sociology, 269 Mercer Street, New York, New York 10003, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Sociology, 2420 Bowditch, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 214 East Nizhoni Boulevard, Gallup, New Mexico 87301, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Human Genetics, 1241 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Law, 975 Bascom Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- The London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
- Genetic Alliance, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 404, Washington, District of Columbia 20008, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Box 357730, Seattle, Washington 98125, USA
- University of Chicago, Department of Ecology and Evolution, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
