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Review
Nature 425, 577-584 (9 October 2003) | doi:10.1038/nature02006
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Sr. Scientific Manager / Chief Scientific Manager- Discovery Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (MAP)
- Syngene International
- Bangalore, Karnataka 560099 India
30 Doctoral Stipends for Outstanding Young Researchers
- Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel
- Kiel, Germany
Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-
family signalling
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-
(TGF-) proteins regulate cell function, and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis. The intracellular effectors of TGF- signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by receptors and translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. Although this pathway is inherently simple, combinatorial interactions in the heteromeric receptor and Smad complexes, receptor-interacting and Smad-interacting proteins, and cooperation with sequence-specific transcription factors allow substantial versatility and diversification of TGF- family responses. Other signalling pathways further regulate Smad activation and function. In addition, TGF- receptors activate Smad-independent pathways that not only regulate Smad signalling, but also allow Smad-independent TGF- responses.
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