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Nature 423, 695-696 (12 June 2003) | doi:10.1038/423695a

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High-energy physics: Into the fifth dimension

Juan Maldacena

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Particles such as the proton can be imagined as vibrating strings. We also know that protons contain smaller, point-like particles, going against the string theory. But in five dimensions, the contradiction disappears.

In fundamental physics, our description of nature involves four forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong. The strong force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons inside the atomic nucleus.