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Nature 423, 124-127 (8 May 2003) | doi:10.1038/423124a

Open Innovation Challenges

Mathematics: Conjuring with conjectures

Ian Stewart

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The Clay Mathematics Institute is offering a million dollars for a solution to the Poincaré conjecture, and Grisha Perelman may have found one. What is the conjecture, and why does it matter?

In 1904, Henri Poincaré was making fundamental advances in topology — the multi-dimensional study of mathematical properties such as 'knotted' or 'connected', which are unchanged by continuous deformations. Buried in his work was an unjustified assumption about three-dimensional spaces.