FIGURE 1. Examples of wing features in stick insects, a, Example of a fully winged (macropterous) female phasmid (Phasma gigas) with enlarged hindwings and thickened forewings.
From the following article:
Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects
Michael F. Whiting, Sven Bradler and Taylor Maxwell
Nature 421, 264-267(16 January 2003)
doi:10.1038/nature01313
b, Wing venation of male Phyllium celebicum with major veins labelled, demonstrating homology with other insect wing veins. A, anal vein; C, costa vein; Cu, cubitus vein; M, medial vein; R, radius vein; Rs, radial sector vein; Sc, subcosta vein. c, Example of a partially winged (brachypterous) female phasmid (Extatosoma popa) with reduced hindwings. d, Example of a wingless (apterous) female phasmid (Leprocaulinus sp.) with wings entirely absent.
