Table of contents
Volume 420 Number 6915 pp3-590
Opinion
Coping with a budget reversal p447
Last week's announcement by the German government of budget cuts in research are unwelcome but hardly surprising. The leaders of the research community need to focus on long-term restructuring to make the most of declining funds.
doi:10.1038/420447a
Promoting animal research p447
Researchers need to be more active in explaining the value and necessity of their work.
doi:10.1038/420447b
News
Surgeons struggle with ethical nightmare of face transplants p449
Natasha McDowell
doi:10.1038/420449a
Prion data suggest BSE link to sporadic CJD p450
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/420450a
Europe urged to provide boost for bioterror research p450
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/420450b
US pushes fish farming into deep water p451
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/420451a
Pathogen-tracking questioned p451
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/420451b
Funding freeze leaves eastern Germany out in the cold p452
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/420452a
Postdoc positions axed as economic crisis takes its toll p452
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/420452b
Field trials excluded from UK crop appraisal p453
David Adam
doi:10.1038/420453a
Royal Institution's director blasts scientific sexism p453
David Adam
doi:10.1038/420453b
news feature
Mouse genome: The real deal p456
The human genome fired the public's imagination. But for many geneticists, the genome of their main experimental mammal — the mouse — is even more exciting. Nature's reporters sample the buzz in three leading laboratories.
Kendall Powell, Alison Abbott and Erika Check
doi:10.1038/420456a
Mouse genome: The real deal p456
The human genome fired the public's imagination. But for many geneticists, the genome of their main experimental mammal — the mouse — is even more exciting. Nature's reporters sample the buzz in three leading laboratories.
Alison Abbott
Mouse genome: The real deal p457
The human genome fired the public's imagination. But for many geneticists, the genome of their main experimental mammal — the mouse — is even more exciting. Nature's reporters sample the buzz in three leading laboratories.
Erika Check
doi:10.1038/420457a
Mouse genome: A forage in the junkyard p458
One of the main differences between the mouse and human genomes lies in the activity of 'junk' DNA sequences called retrotransposons. Carina Dennis considers what these sequences might be doing.
Carina Dennis
doi:10.1038/420458a
Piecing it all together p460
The whole-genome shotgun method has assembled a high-quality draft mouse sequence. Future projects will wed the shotgun's speed and economy to established, map-based methods, says Declan Butler.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/420460a
Correspondence
Towards taxonomy's 'glorious revolution' p461
Taxonomy is a triumph of modern science — but its products could still be improved.
H. C. J. Godfray
doi:10.1038/420461a
US embryo rules support 'right-to-life' agenda p461
Gordon G. Cash
doi:10.1038/420461b
Would you give up your grant for sustainability? p461
John Wright
doi:10.1038/420461c
DNA committee is model for bioterrorism debate p462
Joseph G. Perpich
doi:10.1038/420462a
Modelling a new angle on understanding cancer p462
Robert A. Gatenby and Philip Maini
doi:10.1038/420462b
Deserted by our geographical sense p462
Gustavo Arteca
doi:10.1038/420462c
Book Reviews
The quiet man of physics p463
Who is the only physicist to have won two Nobel prizes?
P. W. Anderson reviews True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen by Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch
doi:10.1038/420463a
Keeping your feet in a moving field p464
Gregory C. Beroza reviews Earthshaking Science: What We Know (and Don't Know) about Earthquakes by Susan Elizabeth Hough
doi:10.1038/420464a
Fertile ground for politics p464
Marco Finetti reviews Autarkie und Ostexpansion: Pflanzenzucht und Agrarforschung im Nationalsozialismus edited by Susanne Heim and Wissenschaften und Wissenschaftspolitik: Bestandsaufnahmen zu Formationen, Brüchen und Kontinuitäten im Deutschland des 20. Jahrhunderts edited by Rüdiger vom Bruch and Brigitte Kaderas
doi:10.1038/420464b
Mountains of fire p465
doi:10.1038/420465a
News and Views
Lazer technology: Ultraviolet upset p467
The free-electron laser will be a source of intense, short-wavelength radiation for a range of applications, including biological imaging. The first results from a prototype have already thrown up a surprise.
Henry C. Kapteyn and Todd Ditmire
doi:10.1038/420467a
Immunology: Education and promiscuity p468
Immune cells must be taught to distinguish between invading microbes and the body's own proteins. A new study re-emphasizes the importance of a thorough education in the thymus, and identifies an essential instructor.
William R. Heath and Hamish S. Scott
doi:10.1038/420468a
Condensed-matter physics: Rabi flopping sees the light p469
Ultrashort laser pulses are a valuable tool, but at these timescales a factor called the 'carrier–envelope phase' becomes important. A new technique to measure the evolution of this phase could advance laser spectroscopy.
Thomas Udem
doi:10.1038/420469a
100 and 50 years ago p471
doi:10.1038/420471a
Conservation biology: Lone wolf to the rescue p472
Genetic analysis has revealed how a small and isolated population of grey wolves found salvation in the form of the genetic variation offered by a single, immigrant male.
Pär K. Ingvarsson
doi:10.1038/420472a
Hydrodynamics: Bend and survive p473
The aim of aerodynamic design is to reduce the drag experienced by a body, such as a car, in a flowing medium, such as air. But what happens if the body is flexible and bends in response to the flow?
Victor Steinberg
doi:10.1038/420473a
correction p473
doi:10.1038/420473b
Brief Communications
Animal communication: Tree-hole frogs exploit resonance effects p475
These anurans know a trick or two when it comes to the romantic powers of song.
Björn Lardner and Maklarin bin Lakim
doi:10.1038/420475a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (97K)
Mathematics: What is the best way to lace your shoes? p476
Burkard Polster
doi:10.1038/420476a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (58K)
Laser–Raman spectroscopy (Communication arising): Images of the Earth's earliest fossils? p476
Jill Dill Pasteris and Brigitte Wopenka
doi:10.1038/420476b
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (58K)
Laser–Raman spectroscopy (Communication arising): Images of the Earth's earliest fossils? p477
J. William Schopf, Anatoliy B. Kudryavtsev, David G. Agresti, Thomas J. Wdowiak and Andrew D. Czaja
doi:10.1038/420477a
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (174K)
Palaeontology (Communication arising): Thermal alteration of the Earth's oldest fossils p477
Józef Kazmierczak and Barbara Kremer
doi:10.1038/420477b
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (174K) | Supplementary information
Letters to Nature
Drag reduction through self-similar bending of a flexible body p479
Silas Alben, Michael Shelley and Jun Zhang
doi:10.1038/nature01232
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (375K)
See also: News and Views by Steinberg
Multiple ionization of atom clusters by intense soft X-rays from a free-electron laser p482
H. Wabnitz, L. Bittner, A. R. B. de Castro, R. Döhrmann, P. Gürtler, T. Laarmann, W. Laasch, J. Schulz, A. Swiderski, K. von Haeften, T. Möller, B. Faatz, A. Fateev, J. Feldhaus, C. Gerth, U. Hahn, E. Saldin, E. Schneidmiller, K. Sytchev, K. Tiedtke, R. Treusch and M. Yurkov
doi:10.1038/nature01197
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (383K)
See also: News and Views by Kapteyn & Ditmire
Non-framework cation migration and irreversible pressure-induced hydration in a zeolite p485
Yongjae Lee, Thomas Vogt, Joseph A. Hriljac, John B. Parise, Jonathan C. Hanson and Sun Jin Kim
doi:10.1038/nature01265
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (477K) | Supplementary information
A short-term sink for atmospheric CO2 in subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic Ocean p489
Nicholas R. Bates, A. Christine Pequignet, Rodney J. Johnson and Nicolas Gruber
doi:10.1038/nature01253
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (239K) | Supplementary information
The role of volatiles in magma chamber dynamics p493
Herbert E. Huppert and Andrew W. Woods
doi:10.1038/nature01211
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (189K)
The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification p496
Angus Buckling and Paul B. Rainey
doi:10.1038/nature01164
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (556K)
Calcium activation of BKCa potassium channels lacking the calcium bowl and RCK domains p499
Rebecca Piskorowski and Richard W. Aldrich
doi:10.1038/nature01199
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (548K)
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity p502
Yasmine Belkaid, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo, Susana Mendez, Ethan M. Shevach and David L. Sacks
doi:10.1038/nature01152
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (384K) | Supplementary information
New on the Market
We've got mice... p508
A new zebrafish microchip — but this week it has to be mainly mice.
doi:10.1038/420508a
the mouse genome
introductionHuman biology by proxy p509
Chris Gunter and Ritu Dhand
doi:10.1038/420509a
timeline
the mouse genome p510
The house mouse, Mus musculus, has been inextricably linked with humans since the beginning of civilization — wherever farmed food was stored, mice would be found. Many of the advances in twentieth-century biology owe a huge debt to the mouse, which has become the favoured model animal in most spheres of research. With the completion of the draft sequence of its genome published in this issue, the mouse promises to continue to provide us with an essential resource for all aspects of biology. In this timeline, we chart the key events in the history of the mouse that led to this landmark achievement.
doi:10.1038/420510a
commentary
Mining the mouse genome p512
We have the draft sequence — but how do we unlock its secrets?
Allan Bradley
doi:10.1038/420512a
news and views
Comparative genomics: The mouse that roared p515
The laboratory mouse has become an indispensable tool for investigators in many areas of biomedical research. The availability of the full mouse genome sequence will immeasurably advance both the character and the pace of discovery.
Mark S. Boguski
doi:10.1038/420515a
Single nucleotide polymorphisms: Tackling complexity p517
Many traits, including susceptibilities to some diseases, are under complex genetic control. A new way of analysing the mouse genome will be a great help in understanding the interactions involved.
Joseph H. Nadeau
doi:10.1038/420517a
Functional genomics: A time and place for every gene p518
One benefit of studying mice is that most of their genes have counterparts in humans. Two groups have used this similarity to study when and where the genes found on human chromosome 21 are switched on.
Roger H. Reeves
doi:10.1038/420518a
article
Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome p520
and Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium
doi:10.1038/nature01262
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (4,239K) | Supplementary information
See also: the mouse genome by Boguski
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs p563
and The FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group Phase I & II Team*
doi:10.1038/nature01266
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (257K) | Supplementary information
letters to nature
The mosaic structure of variation in the laboratory mouse genome p574
Claire M. Wade, Edward J. Kulbokas, III, Andrew W. Kirby, Michael C. Zody, James C. Mullikin, Eric S. Lander, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh and Mark J. Daly
doi:10.1038/nature01252
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (362K) | Supplementary information
See also: the mouse genome by Nadeau
Numerous potentially functional but non-genic conserved sequences on human chromosome 21 p578
Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Alexandre Reymond, Robert Lyle, Nathalie Scamuffa, Catherine Ucla, Samuel Deutsch, Brian J. Stevenson, Volker Flegel, Philipp Bucher, C. Victor Jongeneel and Stylianos E. Antonarakis
doi:10.1038/nature01251
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (333K) | Supplementary information
Human chromosome 21 gene expression atlas in the mouse p582
Alexandre Reymond, Valeria Marigo, Murat B. Yaylaoglu, Antonio Leoni, Catherine Ucla, Nathalie Scamuffa, Cristina Caccioppoli, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Robert Lyle, Sandro Banfi, Gregor Eichele, Stylianos E. Antonarakis and Andrea Ballabio
doi:10.1038/nature01178
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (976K) | Supplementary information
See also: the mouse genome by Reeves
A gene expression map of human chromosome 21 orthologues in the mouse p586
and The HSA21 expression map initiative
doi:10.1038/nature01270
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (516K) | Supplementary information
See also: the mouse genome by Reeves