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Brief Communications

Nature 418, 934 (29 August 2002) | doi:10.1038/418934a

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Tumorigenesis: RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status

Harith Rajagopalan, Alberto Bardelli2, Christoph Lengauer, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein & Victor E. Velculescu

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Genes of the RAF family encode kinases that are regulated by Ras and mediate cellular responses to growth signals. Activating mutations in one RAF gene, BRAF, have been found in a high proportion of melanomas and in a small fraction of other cancers1. Here we show that BRAF mutations in colorectal cancers occur only in tumours that do not carry mutations in a RAS gene known as KRAS, and that BRAF mutation is linked to the proficiency of these tumours in repairing mismatched bases in DNA. Our results not only provide genetic support for the idea that mutations in BRAF and KRAS exert equivalent effects in tumorigenesis2, but also emphasize the role of repair processes in establishing the mutation spectra that underpin human cancer.