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Nature 418, 830 (22 August 2002) | doi:10.1038/418830a

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Physical oceanography: Inside whitecaps

Mark Loewen

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Innovative experiments have provided new insights into how bubbles are created by breaking waves. These findings might ultimately lead to more accurate models of global climate.

When ocean waves break, air and sea water mix to form whitecaps. Beneath the surface of the whitecap, a mixture of air and sea water form a violent turbulent flow known as a bubble plume.