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Opinion

Nature 418, 353 (25 July 2002) | doi:10.1038/418353a

Open Innovation Challenges

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Bigger isn't always better

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The pharmaceutical industry's merger mania has done little to spur the innovation on which its future health will depend. Is it time to rethink the role of research within 'big pharma'?

In his heyday in the 1960s and 1970s, James Black demonstrated a Midas touch that turned base chemicals into pharmaceutical gold. An old-fashioned British pharmacologist who would think through his experiments for weeks before picking up a pipette, Black passionately believed in his duty to help cure disease — and in the capability of drug companies to help him do so.