Naturejobs

Space to manoeuvre p3

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj6869-03a

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Toxicogenomics gains impetus p4

Will toxicogenomics turn toxicology into a predictive and preventive science? Diane Gershon looks at the plans for the future.

Diane Gershon

doi:10.1038/nj6869-04a

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Opinion

Divisions in Euroland p245

Twelve European nations this month adopted a common currency. But the goal of creating a unified scientific career structure remains distant. The consequent brain drain will undermine Europe's ability to compete with the United States.

doi:10.1038/415245a

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Welcome back to the fusion fold? p245

The United States should rejoin the ITER project, whose management must communicate better with politicians and public.

doi:10.1038/415245b

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News

United States pledges to rethink rejection of fusion experiment p247

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/415247a

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Protests mark threatened closure of medical school p247

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/415247b

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New-generation cars become old hat as US changes course p248

Mark Schrope

doi:10.1038/415248a

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Bank wants money back from troubled chimp facility p248

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/415248b

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Japan sets focus on critical areas and economic pay-off p249

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/415249a

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Space agency pulls the plug on astrometry mission p249

Tony Reichhardt

doi:10.1038/415249b

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Health secretary under attack over centralization plan p250

Erika Check

doi:10.1038/415250a

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Astronomer set to star in Taiwan p250

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/415250b

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Allegations of police surveillance prompt calls for inquiry p250

Sally Goodman

doi:10.1038/415250c

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Fears mount as oak blight infects redwoods p251

Jonathan Knight

doi:10.1038/415251a

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news in brief p252

doi:10.1038/415252a

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news feature

Sexual stereotypes p254

Males are promiscuous and females are choosy, according to evolutionary dogma embodied in a theory called Bateman's principle. Only recently have researchers begun to test the theory's limits, says Jonathan Knight.

Jonathan Knight

doi:10.1038/415254a

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Breaking the Habilitation habit p257

Germany plans to reform its antiquated academic career structure. But has the new model been fully thought through and is it adequately resourced? Quirin Schiermeier considers the evidence.

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/415257a

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Correspondence

Postdocs face hardship across mainland Europe p259

Those who follow the funding and work abroad may not find a job when they go home.

Lounès Chikhi

doi:10.1038/415259a

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PhD students also need to make their voices heard p259

T. L. Raoul Tan

doi:10.1038/415259b

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Cultural heritage shared p259

Stephen Williams

doi:10.1038/415259c

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Book Reviews

Macromolecular marvels p261

Landmarks along the highway leading to an understanding of proteins.

Henryk Eisenberg reviews Nature's Robots: A History of Proteins by Charles Tanford and Jacqueline Reynolds

doi:10.1038/415261a

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Light on the making of psychiatry p262

Akihito Suzuki reviews Undertaker of the Mind: John Monro and Mad-Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England by Jonathan Andrews and Andrew Scull

doi:10.1038/415262a

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The man who talks a lot p263

Jan A. Witkowski reviews My Life in Science by Sydney Brenner

doi:10.1038/415263a

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An integrated view of Bacillus p263

Nicola Illing reviews Bacillus subtilis and its Closest Relatives: From Genes to Cells

doi:10.1038/415263b

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Science in culture p264

Martin Kemp reviews

doi:10.1038/415264a

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concepts

Setting standards p265

Frank Wilczek

doi:10.1038/415265a

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News and Views

Quantum physics: Quantum effects of gravity p267

The effects of gravity and quantum mechanics rarely overlap because of the different scales involved. An experiment with ultracold neutrons has now been able to probe both simultaneously.

Thomas J. Bowles

doi:10.1038/415267a

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Diabetes: Fat in all the wrong places p268

Obesity and a rare, congenital absence of fat cells are associated with damaging levels of fat in various tissues, and diabetes. Leptin helps to remedy these problems by causing oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria.

Jeffrey Friedman

doi:10.1038/415268a

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Behavioural science: The economics of impatience p269

In experiments, animals often prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger rewards that are deferred — thus failing to maximize their total gain. Many people exhibit similar behaviour.

Ernst Fehr

doi:10.1038/415269a

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100 and 50 years ago p272

doi:10.1038/415272a

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AIDS vaccines: One step forwards, one step back p272

New AIDS-virus vaccines induce cellular responses that can contain, but not prevent, infection. Mutations can allow the virus to escape this immune control, emphasizing the challenges in developing an effective vaccine.

Jeffrey D. Lifson and Malcolm A. Martin

doi:10.1038/415272b

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Condensed-matter physics: Eavesdropping on spin talk p273

Taking advantage of nuclear and electron 'spin interactions' to store and process information is a long-standing goal. A systematic technique for manipulating spin in a semiconductor provides a low-temperature solution.

Jay Kikkawa

doi:10.1038/415273a

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Cell biology: Chloride channels are different p276

Proteins that conduct chloride ions are vital for a range of cellular processes. The long-awaited crystal structure of a chloride channel shows what these proteins look like, and gives hints about how they work.

Thomas J. Jentsch

doi:10.1038/415276a

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Molecular neurobiology: Priming plasticity p277

Nerve cells communicate by using chemical messengers, which are released from neurons after a 'priming' step. It seems that priming may be key to controlling the strength of chemical transmission.

Lynn E. Dobrunz and Craig C Garner

doi:10.1038/415277a

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correction p278

doi:10.1038/415278a

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Daedalus: Drifting continents p278

David Jones

doi:10.1038/415278b

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Brief Communications

Sexual selection: Male displays adjusted to female's response p279

Macho courtship by the satin bowerbird is tempered to avoid frightening the female.

Gail L. Patricelli, J. Albert C. Uy, Gregory Walsh and Gerald Borgia

doi:10.1038/415279a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (167K)

Laser technology: Measuring huge magnetic fields p280

M. Tatarakis, I. Watts, F. N. Beg, E. L. Clark, A. E. Dangor, A. Gopal, M. G. Haines, P. A. Norreys, U. Wagner, M.-S. Wei, M. Zepf and K. Krushelnick

doi:10.1038/415280a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (92K)

Articles

Gate-voltage control of spin interactions between electrons and nuclei in a semiconductor p281

J. H. Smet, R. A. Deutschmann, F. Ertl, W. Wegscheider, G. Abstreiter and K. von Klitzing

doi:10.1038/415281a

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (456K)

See also: News and Views by Kikkawa

X-ray structure of a ClC chloride channel at 3.0 Å reveals the molecular basis of anion selectivity p287

Raimund Dutzler, Ernest B. Campbell, Martine Cadene, Brian T. Chait and Roderick MacKinnon

doi:10.1038/415287a

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (698K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Jentsch

Letters to Nature

Detection of carbonates in dust shells around evolved stars p295

F. Kemper, C. Jäger, L. B. F. M. Waters, Th. Henning, F. J. Molster, M. J. Barlow, T. Lim and A. de Koter

doi:10.1038/415295a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (493K)

Quantum states of neutrons in the Earth's gravitational field p297

Valery V. Nesvizhevsky, Hans G. Börner, Alexander K. Petukhov, Hartmut Abele, Stefan Baeler, Frank J. Rue, Thilo Stöferle, Alexander Westphal, Alexei M. Gagarski, Guennady A. Petrov and Alexander V. Strelkov

doi:10.1038/415297a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (159K)

See also: News and Views by Bowles

Antiferromagnetic order induced by an applied magnetic field in a high-temperature superconductor p299

B. Lake, H. M. Rønnow, N. B. Christensen, G. Aeppli, K. Lefmann, D. F. McMorrow, P. Vorderwisch, P. Smeibidl, N. Mangkorntong, T. Sasagawa, M. Nohara, H. Takagi and T. E. Mason

doi:10.1038/415299a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (171K)

Shear instabilities in granular flows p302

David J. Goldfarb, Benjamin J. Glasser and Troy Shinbrot

doi:10.1038/415302a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (239K)

Observation of conformation-specific pathways in the photodissociation of 1-iodopropane ions p306

Sang Tae Park, Sang Kyu Kim and Myung Soo Kim

doi:10.1038/415306a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (154K)

Scaling effects in caudal fin propulsion and the speed of ichthyosaurs p309

Ryosuke Motani

doi:10.1038/415309a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (182K)

A hydrogen-based subsurface microbial community dominated by methanogens p312

Francis H. Chapelle, Kathleen O'Neill, Paul M. Bradley, Barbara A. Methé, Stacy A. Ciufo, LeRoy L. Knobel and Derek R. Lovley

doi:10.1038/415312a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (157K)

Contribution of Distal-less to quantitative variation in butterfly eyespots p315

Patrícia Beldade, Paul M. Brakefield and Anthony D. Long

doi:10.1038/415315a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (232K)

Visual categorization shapes feature selectivity in the primate temporal cortex p318

Natasha Sigala and Nikos K. Logothetis

doi:10.1038/415318a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (178K)

RIM1 forms a protein scaffold for regulating neurotransmitter release at the active zone p321

Susanne Schoch, Pablo E. Castillo, Tobias Jo, Konark Mukherjee, Martin Geppert, Yun Wang, Frank Schmitz, Robert C. Malenka and Thomas C. Südhof

doi:10.1038/415321a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (421K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Dobrunz & Garner

RIM1 is required for presynaptic long-term potentiation p327

Pablo E. Castillo, Susanne Schoch, Frank Schmitz, Thomas C. Südhof and Robert C. Malenka

doi:10.1038/415327a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (332K)

See also: News and Views by Dobrunz & Garner

Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity p331

John W. Shiver, Tong-Ming Fu, Ling Chen, Danilo R. Casimiro, Mary-Ellen Davies, Robert K. Evans, Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Adam J. Simon, Wendy L. Trigona, Sheri A. Dubey, Lingyi Huang, Virginia A. Harris, Romnie S. Long, Xiaoping Liang, Larry Handt, William A. Schleif, Lan Zhu, Daniel C. Freed, Natasha V. Persaud, Liming Guan, Kara S. Punt, Aimin Tang, Minchun Chen, Keith A. Wilson, Kelly B. Collins, Gwendolyn J. Heidecker, V. Rose Fernandez, Helen C. Perry, Joseph G. Joyce, Karen M. Grimm, James C. Cook, Paul M. Keller, Denise S. Kresock, Henryk Mach, Robert D. Troutman, Lynne A. Isopi, Donna M. Williams, Zheng Xu, Kathryn E. Bohannon, David B. Volkin, David C. Montefiori, Ayako Miura, Georgia R. Krivulka, Michelle A. Lifton, Marcelo J. Kuroda, Jörn E. Schmitz, Norman L. Letvin, Michael J. Caulfield, Andrew J. Bett, Rima Youil, David C. Kaslow and Emilio A. Emini

doi:10.1038/415331a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (175K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Lifson & Martin

Eventual AIDS vaccine failure in a rhesus monkey by viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes p335

Dan H. Barouch, Jennifer Kunstman, Marcelo J. Kuroda, Jörn E. Schmitz, Sampa Santra, Fred W. Peyerl, Georgia R. Krivulka, Kristin Beaudry, Michelle A. Lifton, Darci A. Gorgone, David C. Montefiori, Mark G. Lewis, Steven M. Wolinsky and Norman L. Letvin

doi:10.1038/415335a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (148K)

See also: News and Views by Lifson & Martin

Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase p339

Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Young-Bum Kim, Odile D. Peroni, Lee G. D. Fryer, Corinna Müller, David Carling and Barbara B. Kahn

doi:10.1038/415339a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (201K)

See also: News and Views by Friedman

Energetic landscape of -lytic protease optimizes longevity through kinetic stability p343

Sheila S. Jaswal, Julie L. Sohl, Jonathan H. Davis and David A. Agard

doi:10.1038/415343a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (184K) | Supplementary information

New on the Market

Automation information p347

Robotic systems and accessories for high-throughput applications.

doi:10.1038/415347a

Full Text | PDF (89K)