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Nature 413, 577-578 (11 October 2001) | doi:10.1038/35098159

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Semiconductors are cool

Cronin B. Vining

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In the 1950s there were hopes that semiconductor thermocouples would replace mechanical refrigerators, just as semiconductor transistors supplanted vacuum tubes. New materials may bring that goal a bit closer.

Nothing so induces sleep as a lecture on thermodynamics. So we'll skip that part.