Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35091265
Table of contents
Volume 412 Number 6844 pp3-360
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Careers and Recruitment
Naturejobs
ProspectsImmunological planets align p3
Careers and Recruitment
Immunological assay of Europe p4
Young European immunologists should benefit from demographic shifts if they can wait long enough for the opportunities to materialize, says Helen Gavaghan.
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35091243
Immune response looks healthy p6
Foundations and philanthropists are injecting new life into vaccine and drug development, especially for AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, says Diane Gershon.
Diane Gershon
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Opinion
The meaning of life p255
'Pro-life' groups define the beginning of human life as the union of sperm and egg, and equate the harvesting of human embryonic stem cells to homicide. But our biological understanding lends little support to these views.
doi:10.1038/35085689
Can the leopard change its spots? p255
With less politics and more money, Italy's scientific community could take its rightful place among the world's élite.
doi:10.1038/35085691
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News
Smithsonian head ruffled by inquiry p257
Britain seeks transgenics deal to fend off transatlantic trade war p257
Millennium Dome sees signs of a Wellcome break p258
Simple technology could reclaim America's lost votes p258
Congress touts budget boost for NASA and the NSF p259
Physical sciences lose ground as US shifts towards biology p259
Search for alien life reasserts its credibility p260
Action urged to combat killer algae p260
Outbreak of chicken flu rattles Hong Kong p261
Disgruntled homeopathists seek remedy in court p261
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news feature
Forza scienza! p264
Italy is a major economic power, but it underachieves in research. Alison Abbott examines attempts to reform the nation's scientific institutions — and considers their prospects under the new government of Silvio Berlusconi.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/35085639
Windows on the brain p266
By monitoring the activity of up to a hundred brain cells at once, neuroscientists are gaining new insights into brain function and paving the way for fully functioning prosthetic limbs. Marina Chicurel reports.
Marina Chicurel
doi:10.1038/35085727
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Correspondence
Making sure that the world's palaeodata do not get buried p269
Who will organize sharing of biodiversity data? p269
Mistaken identity in a watery arms race p269
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Commentaries
Mission now possible for AIDS fund p271
Adequate support by the G8 countries is needed to defeat this global killer.
Peter Hale, Malegapuru William Makgoba, Michael H. Merson, Thomas C. Quinn, Douglas D. Richman, Stefano Vella, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Simon Wain-Hobson and Robin A. Weiss
doi:10.1038/35085650
HIV a '9' on Richter scale of viral diseases p271
Success hinges on support for treatment p272
Peter Hale, Malegapuru William Makgoba, Michael H. Merson, Thomas C. Quinn, Douglas D. Richman, Stefano Vella, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Simon Wain-Hobson and Robin A. Weiss
doi:10.1038/35085656
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Book Reviews
China on the losing side p273
Mao's drive to conquer nature had shocking consequences for his country.
doi:10.1038/35085617
The battle against lethal vectors p274
doi:10.1038/35085620
Transgenic ills and otherwise p275
doi:10.1038/35085623
Not quite the whole story p276
doi:10.1038/35085625
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words
Walking with producers p277
Is science on television often edited for impact rather than accuracy?
Simon Lamb
doi:10.1038/35085658
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News and Views
癌：新世代の薬と抵抗
New-age drug meets resistance p281
A new sort of anticancer drug, designed to suppress the wayward protein that causes a type of leukaemia, is under the spotlight. Biological detective work has now revealed how this cancer becomes resistant to the drug.
Frank McCormick
doi:10.1038/35085665
天文学：銀河の中の原子状水素雲に大きな意味
Astronomy: Dark arc casts a long shadow p282
The interstellar medium is mainly hydrogen gas, which is thought to cool to form clouds of molecular hydrogen. But the discovery of a large cloud of cold atomic hydrogen overturns that belief.
John M. Dickey
doi:10.1038/35085668
情報伝達：破壊の代わりに
Signal transduction: An alternative to destruction p283
The traditional view is that, when a cellular protein becomes linked to a modifying group known as ubiquitin, it's curtains for that protein. But non-destructive functions for ubiquitin are now emerging.
Daniel Finley
doi:10.1038/35085671
100 and 50 years ago p285
doi:10.1038/35085674
生物地球化学：水素の居場所
Biogeochemistry: Space for hydrogen p286
Mats of photosynthetic microorganisms known as cyanobacteria generate molecular hydrogen. If they were doing so earlier in Earth's history, the effect on the evolution of the atmosphere could have been profound.
Bo Barker Jørgensen
doi:10.1038/35085676
免疫学：B細胞の終盤戦
Immunology: End game for B cells p289
Plasma cells are a key part of the immune system, secreting antibodies to ward off invaders. The discovery of a protein required for the production of plasma cells will give immunologists a better idea of how they develop.
Kathryn Calame
doi:10.1038/35085679
超伝導：変わった役を割り振られた鉄
Superconductivity: Iron cast in exotic role p290
Conventional wisdom says that superconductivity and magnetism are incompatible bedfellows. So the idea of iron as a superconductor is ruled out — or is it?
S. S. Saxena and Peter B. Littlewood
doi:10.1038/35085681
細胞生物学：細胞周期の細胞骨格
Cell biology: Cytoskeleton in the cell cycle p291
During cell division, a series of checkpoints make sure that events are proceeding normally. The latest checkpoint to be discovered monitors the actin cytoskeleton, ensuring that it is organized correctly.
Yukinobu Nakaseko and Mitsuhiro Yanagida
doi:10.1038/35085684
Daedalus: Unchemical chemistry p292
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Brief Communications
Nile flooding sank two ancient cities p293
Sediment failure caused these riverbank sites to drown over 1,200 years ago.
Jean-Daniel Stanley, Franck Goddio and Gerard Schnepp
doi:10.1038/35085628
Animal behaviour: An unusual social display by gorillas p294
Richard J. Parnell and Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith
doi:10.1038/35085631
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Articles
物性：崩壊し、爆発するボース・アインシュタイン凝縮体の動力学
Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose–Einstein condensates p295
Elizabeth A. Donley, Neil R. Claussen, Simon L. Cornish, Jacob L. Roberts, Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (249K)
細胞：形質細胞の分化には転写因子XBP-1が必要である
Plasma cell differentiation requires the transcription factor XBP-1 p300
Andreas M. Reimold, Neal N. Iwakoshi, John Manis, Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Eva Szomolanyi-Tsuda, Ellen M. Gravallese, Daniel Friend, Michael J. Grusby, Frederick Alt and Laurie H. Glimcher
doi:10.1038/35085509
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (726K)
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Letters to Nature
宇宙：外部銀河で発見された極低温原子状水素の大質量雲
A massive cloud of cold atomic hydrogen in the outer Galaxy p308
宇宙：原始太陽系星雲における鉄の同位体の均一性
Isotopic homogeneity of iron in the early solar nebula p311
X. K. Zhu, Y. Guo, R. K. O'Nions, E. D. Young and R. D. Ash
doi:10.1038/35085525
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (165K)
物理：光子の軌道角運動量状態のもつれ合い
Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons p313
Alois Mair, Alipasha Vaziri, Gregor Weihs and Anton Zeilinger
doi:10.1038/35085529
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (319K)
材料：加圧下の鉄の非磁性状態における超伝導
Superconductivity in the non-magnetic state of iron under pressure p316
Katsuya Shimizu, Tomohiro Kimura, Shigeyuki Furomoto, Keiki Takeda, Kazuyoshi Kontani, Yoshichika Onuki and Kiichi Amaya
doi:10.1038/35085536
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (306K)
物性：アデニン塩基間のホッピングとトンネリングによるDNA中のホール移動の直接観測
Direct observation of hole transfer through DNA by hopping between adenine bases and by tunnelling p318
Bernd Giese, Jérôme Amaudrut, Anne-Kathrin Köhler, Martin Spormann and Stephan Wessely
doi:10.1038/35085542
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (155K)
環境：環境中に存在するハロゲン化有機酸の発生源の可能性があるフッ化高分子の熱分解
Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment p321
David A. Ellis, Scott A. Mabury, Jonathan W. Martin and Derek C. G. Muir
doi:10.1038/35085548
地球：初期地球での還元型気体の生成に微生物がつくるマット状集落が果たした役割
The role of microbial mats in the production of reduced gases on the early Earth p324
Tori M. Hoehler, Brad M. Bebout and David J. Des Marais
doi:10.1038/35085554
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (184K)
生態：繁殖上の対どうしの相互関係と生物のクラスター形成
Reproductive pair correlations and the clustering of organisms p328
進化：変異率の高いデジタル生物を進化させると適応度のピーク状態が最も長く持続するものが生き残る
Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest p331
Claus O. Wilke, Jia Lan Wang, Charles Ofria, Richard E. Lenski and Christoph Adami
doi:10.1038/35085569
免疫：HIV感染における安定なCTLエスケープ変異の進化と伝播
Evolution and transmission of stable CTL escape mutations in HIV infection p334
Philip J. R. Goulder, Christian Brander, Yanhua Tang, Cecile Tremblay, Robert A. Colbert, Marylyn M. Addo, Eric S. Rosenberg, Thi Nguyen, Rachel Allen, Alicja Trocha, Marcus Altfeld, Suqin He, Michael Bunce, Robert Funkhouser, Stephen I. Pelton, Sandra K. Burchett, Kenneth McIntosh, Bette T. M. Korber and Bruce D. Walker
doi:10.1038/35085576
神経：シンタキシンを開状態にすると小胞のプライミングにUNC-13は不要となる
An open form of syntaxin bypasses the requirement for UNC-13 in vesicle priming p338
Janet E. Richmond, Robby M. Weimer and Erik M. Jorgensen
doi:10.1038/35085583
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (502K)
免疫：B細胞びまん性大細胞型リンパ腫における複数の原癌遺伝子の高頻度変異
Hypermutation of multiple proto-oncogenes in B-cell diffuse large-cell lymphomas p341
Laura Pasqualucci, Peter Neumeister, Tina Goossens, Gouri Nanjangud, R. S. K. Chaganti, Ralf Küppers and Riccardo Dalla-Favera
doi:10.1038/35085588
生理：TAK1はユビキチン依存性のMKKキナーゼ、IKKキナーゼである
TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK p346
Chen Wang, Li Deng, Mei Hong, Giridhar R. Akkaraju, Jun-ichiro Inoue and Zhijian J. Chen
doi:10.1038/35085597
細胞：分裂酵母においてMAPキナーゼ依存性アクチンチェックポイントは紡錘体の正しい配向を確実にする
A MAP kinase-dependent actin checkpoint ensures proper spindle orientation in fission yeast p352
Yannick Gachet, Sylvie Tournier, Jonathan B. A. Millar and Jeremy S. Hyams
doi:10.1038/35085604
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (596K)
細胞：Cdc6はSic1およびHct1と協同して有糸分裂のサイクリン依存性キナーゼを不活性化する
Cdc6 cooperates with Sic1 and Hct1 to inactivate mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases p355
Arturo Calzada, Maria Sacristán, Elisa Sánchez and Avelino Bueno
doi:10.1038/35085610
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New on the Market
Immuno-this, immuno-that p359
Recent introductions in the fields of immunology and immunoassay.
doi:10.1038/35085634
