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Nature 411, 545-546 (31 May 2001) | doi:10.1038/35079176;
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Natural selection and resistance to HIV
Although infectious disease is assumed to be an important cause of natural selection in humans, strong selection in favour of alleles that confer resistance to disease has been demonstrated only in the case of malaria. Here we show that the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in some African countries creates conditions for strong natural selection on genetic variants that affect the time between HIV infection and the onset of AIDS.
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