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Nature 411, 433-434 (24 May 2001) | doi:10.1038/35078184

Open Innovation Challenges

Neurobiology: Learning from a fly's memory

Randolf Menzel1 & Uli Müller1

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Two facets of learning are the formation and the retrieval of memories. Genetic manipulation of the fruitfly's brain allows them to be dissociated, and may lead to a better understanding of memory.

Seminal work done over 100 years ago1, 2 established the basics of memory and learning. But, then as now, studies of learning were hampered by the fact that it is difficult (if not impossible) to distinguish between the formation and the retrieval of memories.

  1. Randolf Menzel and Uli Müller are at the Institut für Biologie–Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 28-30, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.

Correspondence to: Randolf Menzel1 e-mail: Email: menzel@neurobiologie.fu-berlin.de