FIGURE 2. Environmental impact ratings of four apple production systems: Organic, conventional, integrated and non-PMD conventional.
From the following article:
Sustainability of three apple production systems
John P. Reganold, Jerry D. Glover, Preston K. Andrews and Herbert R. Hinman
Nature 410, 926-930(19 April 2001)
doi:10.1038/35073574
Higher ratings indicate greater potential for negative environmental impact. For a listing of chemicals used and their impact ratings for the four production systems, see Table A6 in Supplementary Information.