Opinion

Japan and its women p395

Cultural obstacles and potential damage to one's career present major challenges to women wanting to pursue science in Japan. Some changes have occurred, but too few, and too slowly.

doi:10.1038/35068672

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Collider's moment of truth p395

A German proposal for a large linear accelerator is welcome. A global approach would be even more so.

doi:10.1038/35068674

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News

German lab unveils plan to build physicists' next particle collider p397

Alison Abbott and Josette Chen

doi:10.1038/35068676

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No Wellcome money for Celera p397

David Adam

doi:10.1038/35068679

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More culls planned as Britain wrestles with foot-and-mouth p398

David Adam

doi:10.1038/35068681

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Space-station cuts leave research in lurch p399

Tony Reichhardt

doi:10.1038/35068684

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Israel plans new particle accelerator p399

Haim Watzman

doi:10.1038/35068687

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Conflicting volcano tales erupt in public view p400

Rex Dalton

doi:10.1038/35068689

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Trials offer way forward for Parkinson's p401

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/35068692

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Bush U-turns on pledge for carbon dioxide emissions p401

Mark Schrope

doi:10.1038/35068695

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news in brief p402

doi:10.1038/35068698

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news feature

'One woman is enough...' p404

Few women reach the uppermost rungs of Japan's scientific hierarchy. But some are now starting to challenge the system and attitudes that frustrate their career progress, as David Cyranoski discovered.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/35068702

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Favoured in a foreign land p406

doi:10.1038/35068711

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Sleepless in Seattle p407

A new superconductor had physicists burning the midnight oil at their get together last week. Sarah Tomlin joined in the fun.

Sarah Tomlin

doi:10.1038/35068713

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Correspondence

Action is needed now, or BSE crisis could wipe out endangered birds of prey p408

Jose L. Tella

doi:10.1038/35068717

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We must not be bound by anti-GM extremists p408

Henry I. Miller

doi:10.1038/35068719

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Jewish emigrants and German science p408

Michael Schüring

doi:10.1038/35068721

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Commentary

Urban myths of organic farming p409

Organic agriculture began as an ideology, but can it meet today's needs?

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Book Reviews

A wholly avoidable catastrophe p411

A reminder of the perils that pave the way to pharmacological utopia.

Thomas Dormandy reviews Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and its Revival as a Vital Medicine by Trent Stephens and Rock Brynner

doi:10.1038/35068612

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Viral activities from a quantitative slant p412

Allan Randrup Thomsen reviews Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology by Martin A. Nowak and Robert M. May

doi:10.1038/35068615

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A honey-pot of knowledge p413

Christopher O'Toole reviews The Bees of the World by Charles D. Michener

doi:10.1038/35068618

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Science in culture p414

Martin Kemp reviews

doi:10.1038/35068621

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words

Chemical analysis p415

Language reform played an integral role in the development of a discipline.

Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent

doi:10.1038/35068642

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concepts

Laws of form revisited p417

Michael Denton and Craig Marshall

doi:10.1038/35068645

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News and Views

Another face in our family tree p419

The evolutionary history of humans is complex and unresolved. It now looks set to be thrown into further confusion by the discovery of another species and genus, dated to 3.5 million years ago.

Daniel E. Lieberman

doi:10.1038/35068648

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Materials science:  A pore view of corrosion p420

The mechanism by which an alloy corrodes into a potentially useful porous sponge is understood qualitatively, but quantitative predictions of its final structure have been lacking. A model for this has now been proposed.

Martin Stratmann and Michael Rohwerder

doi:10.1038/35068652

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100 and 50 years ago p421

doi:10.1038/35068655

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Developmental biology:  A twist on embryonic signalling p423

Gradients of signalling proteins control the formation of different tissues during animal development. A controversial model for how one such gradient is produced now receives more experimental support.

Richard M. Harland

doi:10.1038/35068657

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Mesoscopic physics:  Noisy times ahead p424

Realizing the dream of quantum computing will require knowledge and techniques from many fields. A new theory concerning the properties of nanometre-scale circuits can contribute.

Jan van Ruitenbeek

doi:10.1038/35068660

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Immunology:  Telling the brain about pain p425

Injury to one part of the body often results in hypersensitivity to pain somewhere else. Unusually, this process seems to be coordinated by the brain in a way that does not involve the transmission of nerve impulses.

Tamas Bartfai

doi:10.1038/35068663

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Glaciology:  Enigmatic Arctic ice sheets p427

To what extent was the Arctic Ocean glaciated in the past? Heavily, according to data, gathered by a submarine, which show considerable ice-scouring of topography in parts of the ocean basin.

Robert Spielhagen

doi:10.1038/35068665

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Daedalus:  Computing for art p428

David Jones

doi:10.1038/35068669

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Brief Communications

Carbon sink for a century p429

Intact rainforests have a long-term storage capacity.

Jeffrey Q. Chambers, Niro Higuchi, Edgard S. Tribuzy and Susan E. Trumbore

doi:10.1038/35068624

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Asexual reproduction: 'Midwives' assist dividing amoebae p430

David Biron, Pazit Libros, Dror Sagi, David Mirelman and Elisha Moses

doi:10.1038/35068628

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (391K) | Supplementary information

Inflammatory response: Pathway across the blood–brain barrier p430

Monica Ek, David Engblom, Sipra Saha, Anders Blomqvist, Per-Johan Jakobsson and Anders Ericsson-Dahlstrand

doi:10.1038/35068632

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (391K)

Pollination: Flexible style that encourages outcrossing p432

Qing-Jun Li, Zai-Fu Xu, W. John Kress, Yong-Mei Xia, Ling Zhang, Xiao-Bao Deng, Jiang-Yun Gao and Zhi-Lin Bai

doi:10.1038/35068635

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (164K)

Article

New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages p433

Meave G. Leakey, Fred Spoor, Frank H. Brown, Patrick N. Gathogo, Christopher Kiarie, Louise N. Leakey and Ian McDougall

doi:10.1038/35068500

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (613K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Lieberman

Letters to Nature

Observation of high-energy neutrinos using erenkov detectors embedded deep in Antarctic ice p441

E. Andrés, P. Askebjer, X. Bai, G. Barouch, S. W. Barwick, R. C. Bay, K.-H. Becker, L. Bergström, D. Bertrand, D. Bierenbaum, A. Biron, J. Booth, O. Botner, A. Bouchta, M. M. Boyce, S. Carius, A. Chen, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, C. G. S. Costa, D. F. Cowen, J. Dailing, E. Dalberg, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, J. Edsjö, P. Ekström, B. Erlandsson, T. Feser, M. Gaug, A. Goldschmidt, A. Goobar, L. Gray, H. Haase, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, Y. D. He, M. Hellwig, H. Heukenkamp, G. C. Hill, P. O. Hulth, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, V. Kandhadai, A. Karle, J. Kim, B. Koci, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, I. Liubarsky, P. Loaiza, D. M. Lowder, J. Ludvig, J. Madsen, P. Marciniewski, H. S. Matis, A. Mihalyi, T. Mikolajski, T. C. Miller, Y. Minaeva, P. Mioinovi, P. C. Mock, R. Morse, T. Neunhöffer, F. M. Newcomer, P. Niessen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ögelman, C. Pérez de los Heros, R. Porrata, P. B. Price, K. Rawlins, C. Reed, W. Rhode, A. Richards, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, P. Romenesko, D. Ross, H. Rubinstein, H.-G. Sander, T. Scheider, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, E. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, N. Starinsky, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R. G. Stokstad, O. Streicher, Q. Sun, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, T. Thon, S. Tilav, N. Usechak, M. Vander Donckt, C. Walck, C. Weinheimer, C. H. Wiebusch, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, W. Wu, G. Yodh and S. Young

doi:10.1038/35068509

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (170K)

Stable ultrahigh-density magneto-optical recordings using introduced linear defects p444

L. Krusin-Elbaum, T. Shibauchi, B. Argyle, L. Gignac and D. Weller

doi:10.1038/35068515

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (300K)

Giant lateral electrostriction in ferroelectric liquid-crystalline elastomers p447

W. Lehmann, H. Skupin, C. Tolksdorf, E. Gebhard, R. Zentel, P. Krüger, M. Lösche and F. Kremer

doi:10.1038/35068522

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (248K) | Supplementary information

Evolution of nanoporosity in dealloying p450

Jonah Erlebacher, Michael J. Aziz, Alain Karma, Nikolay Dimitrov and Karl Sieradzki

doi:10.1038/35068529

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (299K)

See also: News and Views by Stratmann & Rohwerder

Ice shelves in the Pleistocene Arctic Ocean inferred from glaciogenic deep-sea bedforms p453

Leonid Polyak, Margo H. Edwards, Bernard J. Coakley and Martin Jakobsson

doi:10.1038/35068536

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (592K)

See also: News and Views by Spielhagen

Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper-mantle flow through the Drake passage p457

J. A. Pearce, P. T. Leat, P. F. Barker and I. L. Millar

doi:10.1038/35068542

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (250K) | Supplementary information

An exceptionally preserved vermiform mollusc from the Silurian of England p461

Mark D. Sutton, Derek E. G. Briggs, David J. Siveter and Derek J. Siveter

doi:10.1038/35068549

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (388K) | Supplementary information

Intraspecific competition favours niche width expansion in Drosophila melanogaster p463

Daniel I. Bolnick

doi:10.1038/35068555

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (206K)

Odour-plume dynamics influence the brain's olfactory code p466

Neil J. Vickers, Thomas A. Christensen, Thomas C. Baker and John G. Hildebrand

doi:10.1038/35068559

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (775K) | Supplementary information

Interleukin-1-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity p471

Tarek A. Samad, Kimberly A. Moore, Adam Sapirstein, Sara Billet, Andrew Allchorne, Stephen Poole, Joseph V. Bonventre and Clifford J. Woolf

doi:10.1038/35068566

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (245K)

See also: News and Views by Bartfai

Homologues of Twisted gastrulation are extracellular cofactors in antagonism of BMP signalling p475

Ian C. Scott, Ira L. Blitz, William N. Pappano, Sarah A. Maas, Ken W. Y. Cho and Daniel S. Greenspan

doi:10.1038/35068572

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (260K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Harland

Twisted gastrulation is a conserved extracellular BMP antagonist p479

Jeffrey J. Ross, Osamu Shimmi, Peter Vilmos, Anna Petryk, Hyon Kim, Karin Gaudenz, Spencer Hermanson, Stephen C. Ekker, Michael B. O'Connor and J. Lawrence Marsh

doi:10.1038/35068578

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (294K)

See also: News and Views by Harland

Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist p483

Chenbei Chang, Douglas A. Holtzman, Samantha Chau, Troy Chickering, Elizabeth A. Woolf, Lisa M. Holmgren, Jana Bodorova, David P. Gearing, William E. Holmes and Ali H. Brivanlou

doi:10.1038/35068583

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (257K)

See also: News and Views by Harland

An Arabidopsis circadian clock component interacts with both CRY1 and phyB p487

Jose A. Jarillo, Juan Capel, Ru-Hang Tang, Hong-Quan Yang, Jose M. Alonso, Joseph R. Ecker and Anthony R. Cashmore

doi:10.1038/35068589

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (215K) | Supplementary information

A metabolic enzyme for S-nitrosothiol conserved from bacteria to humans p490

Limin Liu, Alfred Hausladen, Ming Zeng, Loretta Que, Joseph Heitman and Jonathan S. Stamler

doi:10.1038/35068596

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (273K)

Covalent inhibition revealed by the crystal structure of the caspase-8/p35 complex p494

Guozhou Xu, Maurizio Cirilli, Yihua Huang, Rebecca L. Rich, David G. Myszka and Hao Wu

doi:10.1038/35068604

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (254K) | Supplementary information