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Nature 410, 317-319 (15 March 2001) | doi:10.1038/35066664

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Biogeochemistry: Oxygenating the atmosphere

Norman H. Sleep

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Photosynthesis is the main source of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. But it may have been geological activity that first allowed an oxygen-rich atmosphere to develop.

We usually give little thought to the air we breathe. Yet the Earth's atmosphere was not always as rich in oxygen as it is today.