Table of contents
Volume 409 Number 6822 pp745-964
Opinion
Human genomes, public and private p745
The burgeoning commercial sector that is based on genome information poses a challenge to the norms of scientific publication. But it remains to be established that the conditions of access to published sequence data need to change.
doi:10.1038/35057454
News
Publication of human genomes sparks fresh sequence debate p747
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35057456
And now for the proteome. . . p747
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/35057460
Call for tighter controls on transgenic foods p749
David Spurgeon
doi:10.1038/35057462
Physicists worried by grant reforms p749
David Adam
doi:10.1038/35057465
Reforms woo scientists from mainland China p750
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/35057468
France and Spain join forces over synchrotron project p750
Xavier Bosch
doi:10.1038/35057471
Indian company offers cheap anti-AIDS drugs p751
David Dickson
doi:10.1038/35057474
Fears grow over melting permafrost p751
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/35057477
news feature
Back in business p754
The focus of activity in high-energy physics is about to switch from CERN, near Geneva, to Fermilab in Illinois. Sarah Tomlin sampled the atmosphere, as excited physicists prepared their Tevatron accelerator for action.
Sarah Tomlin
doi:10.1038/35057483
What a long, strange trip it's been. . . p756
The draft human genome sequence published in Nature this week is the culmination of 15 years of work, involving 20 sequencing centres in six countries. Here, we present a reminder of some of the key moments.
doi:10.1038/35057286
Are you ready for the revolution? p758
If biologists do not adapt to the powerful computational tools needed to exploit huge data sets, says Declan Butler, they could find themselves floundering in the wake of advances in genomics.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35057400
Correspondence
Skilled eyes are needed to go on studying the richness of the soil p761
Henri Andre, Xavier Ducarme, Jo Anderson, David Crossley Jr, Hartmut Koehler, Maurizio Paoletti, David Walter and Philippe Lebrun
Astronomy network will allow every site to shine p761
Roland Gredel and Rene Rutten
Semmelweis and the battle against infection p761
George Redei
Commentary
Patents in a genetic age p763
The present patent system risks becoming a barrier to medical progress.
doi:10.1038/35057480
Book Reviews
The road to the code. . .and the cast who brought genetics to centre stage p765
Jan A. Witkowski reviews Cracking the Genome: Inside the Race to Unlock Human DNA/The Sequence: Inside the Race for the Human Genome by Kevin Davies
doi:10.1038/35057302
Affairs of the heartless p766
Lewis Pyenson reviews Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance by Dennis Overbye
doi:10.1038/35057305
An excavation of the drug myth p767
Leslie Iversen reviews Intoxicating Minds by Ciaran Regan
doi:10.1038/35057308
One who created a tempo of his own p768
Michael J. Novacek reviews George Gaylord Simpson: Paleontologist and Evolutionist by Leo F. Laporte
doi:10.1038/35057311
words
Talking about the genome p769
Biologists must take responsibility for the correct use of language in genetics.
Horace Freeland Judson
doi:10.1038/35057406
News and Views
Polymer science: A material fix p773
The idea of materials that can mend themselves seems far-fetched. But a system that allows composite materials to 'self-heal' has been devised and has passed some early tests.
Richard P. Wool
doi:10.1038/35057412
Quantum physics: Count them all p774
Direct experimental evidence to resolve the conflict between classical and quantum physics has been a long-awaited goal. As the last loophole closes, it seems that quantum mechanics was right all along.
Philippe Grangier
doi:10.1038/35057415
Ecology: The rising cost of bushmeat p775
Some plants depend on specific animal vectors for the dispersal of their seeds. If the vector comes under threat, there are likely to be adverse consequences for the plant.
Peter D. Moore
doi:10.1038/35057418
Biochemistry: Single-handed cooperation p777
Our bodies use only 'left-handed' amino acids and 'right-handed' sugars. Hints are now emerging on how this handedness evolved and how cooperativity among like-handed molecular components came about.
Jay S. Siegel
doi:10.1038/35057421
100 and 50 years ago p777
doi:10.1038/35057423
Medicine: Channel fault in osteopetrosis p778
Amanda Tromans
doi:10.1038/35057425
Obituary: Konrad E. Bloch (1912–2000) p779
Howard Goldfine and Dennis E. Vance
doi:10.1038/35057430
Brief Communications
Growth of domesticated transgenic fish p781
A growth-hormone transgene boosts the size of wild but not domesticated trout.
Robert H. Devlin, Carlo A. Biagi, Timothy Y. Yesaki, Duane E. Smailus and John C. Byatt
doi:10.1038/35057314
Cavitation science: Is there a simple theory of sonoluminescence? p782
S. Putterman, P. G. Evans, G. Vazquez and K. Weninger
doi:10.1038/35057317
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (124K)
Cavitation science: Is there a simple theory of sonoluminescence? p783
S. Hilgenfeldt, S. Grossmann and D. Lohse
doi:10.1038/35057321
Genetic imprinting: Urinary odour preferences in mice p783
Anthony R. Isles, Michael J. Baum, Dan Ma, Eric B. Keverne and Nicholas D. Allen
doi:10.1038/35057323
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (140K)
Erratum: Watching fights raises fish hormone levels p784
doi:10.1038/35057326
Article
Nuclear fission modes and fragment mass asymmetries in a five-dimensional deformation space p785
P. Möller, D. G. Madland, A. J. Sierk and A. Iwamoto
doi:10.1038/35057204
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (5,406K)
Letters to Nature
Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection p791
M. A. Rowe, D. Kielpinski, V. Meyer, C. A. Sackett, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe and D. J. Wineland
doi:10.1038/35057215
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (194K)
Autonomic healing of polymer composites p794
S. R. White, N. R. Sottos, P. H. Geubelle, J. S. Moore, M. R. Kessler, S. R. Sriram, E. N. Brown and S. Viswanathan
doi:10.1038/35057232
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (312K)
A chiroselective peptide replicator p797
Alan Saghatelian, Yohei Yokobayashi, Kathy Soltani and M. Reza Ghadiri
doi:10.1038/35057238
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (212K)
Evidence for non-selective preservation of organic matter in sinking marine particles p801
John I. Hedges, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Yves Gélinas, Cindy Lee, Michael Peterson and Stuart G. Wakeham
doi:10.1038/35057247
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (164K)
Interhemispheric climate links revealed by a late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile p804
Patricio I. Moreno, George L. Jacobson, Jr, Thomas V. Lowell and George H. Denton
doi:10.1038/35057252
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (401K)
Evidence of recent volcanic activity on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge p808
M. H. Edwards, G. J. Kurras, M. Tolstoy, D. R. Bohnenstiehl, B. J. Coakley and J. R. Cochran
doi:10.1038/35057258
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (910K)
human
forewordEveryone's genome p813
doi:10.1038/35057264
news and views
Our genome unveiled p814
The draft sequences of the human genome are remarkable achievements. They provide an outline of the information needed to create a human being and show, for the first time, the overall organization of a vertebrate's DNA.
David Baltimore
doi:10.1038/35057267
Genome speak p815
Peer Bork and Richard Copley
doi:10.1038/35057269
The maps: Clone by clone by clone p816
The public project's sequencing strategy involved producing a map of the human genome, and then pinning sequence to it. This helps to avoid errors in the sequence, especially in repetitive regions.
Maynard V. Olson
doi:10.1038/35057271
The draft sequences: Filling in the gaps p818
Two rough drafts of the human genome sequence are now published. Completion of the sequences lies ahead, but the implications for studying human diseases and for biotechnology are already profound.
Peer Bork and Richard Copley
doi:10.1038/35057274
The draft sequences: Comparing species p820
Comparing the human genome sequences with those of other species will not only reveal what makes us genetically different. It may also help us understand what our genes do.
Gerald M. Rubin
doi:10.1038/35057277
Single nucleotide polymorphisms: From the evolutionary past. . . p821
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the bread-and-butter of DNA sequence variation. They provide a rich source of information about the evolutionary history of human populations.
Mark Stoneking
doi:10.1038/35057279
Single nucleotide polymorphisms: . . .to a future of genetic medicine p822
Single base differences between human genomes underlie differences in susceptibility to, or protection from, a host of diseases. Hence the great potential of such information in medicine.
Aravinda Chakravarti
doi:10.1038/35057281
analysis
Guide to the draft human genome p824
Tyra G. Wolfsberg, Johanna McEntyre and Gregory D. Schuler
doi:10.1038/35057000
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (133K)
Mining the draft human genome p827
Ewan Birney, Alex Bateman, Michele E. Clamp and Tim J. Hubbard
doi:10.1038/35057004
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (86K)
Keeping time with the human genome p829
Jonathan D. Clayton, Charalambos P. Kyriacou and Steven M. Reppert
doi:10.1038/35057006
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (369K) | Supplementary information
Expressing the human genome p832
Rossella Tupler, Giovanni Perini and Michael R. Green
doi:10.1038/35057011
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (114K) | Supplementary information
Learning about addiction from the genome p834
Eric J. Nestler and David Landsman
doi:10.1038/35057015
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (123K) | Supplementary information
A genomic view of immunology p836
Aude M. Fahrer, J. Fernando Bazan, Peter Papathanasiou, Keats A. Nelms and Christopher C. Goodnow
doi:10.1038/35057020
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (109K) | Supplementary information
A genomic perspective on membrane compartment organization p839
Jason B. Bock, Hugo T. Matern, Andrew A. Peden and Richard H. Scheller
doi:10.1038/35057024
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (159K) | Supplementary information
Genomics, the cytoskeleton and motility p842
Thomas D. Pollard
doi:10.1038/35057029
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (108K)
Can sequencing shed light on cell cycling? p844
Andrew W. Murray and Debora Marks
doi:10.1038/35057033
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (123K) | Supplementary information
Evolutionary analyses of the human genome p847
Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenglong Gu, Haidong Wang and Anton Nekrutenko
doi:10.1038/35057039
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (119K) | Supplementary information
Cancer and genomics p850
P. Andrew Futreal, Arek Kasprzyk, Ewan Birney, James C. Mullikin, Richard Wooster and Michael R. Stratton
doi:10.1038/35057046
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (108K) | Supplementary information
Human disease genes p853
Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez, Barton Childs and David Valle
doi:10.1038/35057050
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (113K) | Supplementary information
Computational comparison of two draft sequences of the human genome p856
John Aach, Martha L. Bulyk, George M. Church, Jason Comander, Adnan Derti and Jay Shendure
doi:10.1038/35057055
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (193K) | Supplementary information
article
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome p860
and International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,568K) | Supplementary information
Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology p922
D. D. Shoemaker, E. E. Schadt, C. D. Armour, Y. D. He, P. Garrett-Engele, P. D. McDonagh, P. M. Loerch, A. Leonardson, P. Y. Lum, G. Cavet, L. F. Wu, S. J. Altschuler, S. Edwards, J. King, J. S. Tsang, G. Schimmack, J. M. Schelter, J. Koch, M. Ziman, M. J. Marton, B. Li, P. Cundiff, T. Ward, J. Castle, M. Krolewski, M. R. Meyer, M. Mao, J. Burchard, M. J. Kidd, H. Dai, J. W. Phillips, P. S. Linsley, R. Stoughton, S. Scherer and M. S. Boguski
doi:10.1038/35057141
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (425K) | Supplementary information
A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms p928
and The International SNP Map Working Group
doi:10.1038/35057149
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (241K) | Supplementary information
A physical map of the human genome p934
and The International Human Genome Mapping Consortium
doi:10.1038/35057157
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (260K) | Supplementary information
letter to nature
The physical maps for sequencing human chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20 and X p942
D. R. Bentley, P. Deloukas, A. Dunham, L. French, S. G. Gregory, S. J. Humphray, A. J. Mungall, M. T. Ross, N. P. Carter, I. Dunham, C. E. Scott, K. J. Ashcroft, A. L. Atkinson, K. Aubin, D. M. Beare, G. Bethel, N. Brady, J. C. Brook, D. C. Burford, W. D. Burrill, C. Burrows, A. P. Butler, C. Carder, J. J. Catanese, C. M. Clee, S. M. Clegg, V. Cobley, A. J. Coffey, C. G. Cole, J. E. Collins, J. S. Conquer, R. A. Cooper, K. M. Culley, E. Dawson, F. L. Dearden, R. M. Durbin, P. J. de Jong, P. D. Dhami, M. E. Earthrowl, C. A. Edwards, R. S. Evans, C. J. Gillson, J. Ghori, L. Green, R. Gwilliam, K. S. Halls, S. Hammond, G. L. Harper, R. W. Heathcott, J. L. Holden, E. Holloway, B. L. Hopkins, P. J. Howard, G. R. Howell, E. J. Huckle, J. Hughes, P. J. Hunt, S. E. Hunt, M. Izmajlowicz, C. A. Jones, S. S. Joseph, G. Laird, C. F. Langford, M. H. Lehvaslaiho, M. A. Leversha, O. T. McCann, L. M. McDonald, J. McDowall, G. L. Maslen, D. Mistry, N. K. Moschonas, V. Neocleous, D. M. Pearson, K. J. Phillips, K. M. Porter, S. R. Prathalingam, Y. H. Ramsey, S. A. Ranby, C. M. Rice, J. Rogers, L. J. Rogers, T. Sarafidou, D. J. Scott, G. J. Sharp, C. J. Shaw-Smith, L. J. Smink, C. Soderlund, E. C. Sotheran, H. E. Steingruber, J. E. Sulston, A. Taylor, R. G. Taylor, A. A. Thorpe, E. Tinsley, G. L. Warry, A. Whittaker, P. Whittaker, S. H. Williams, T. E. Wilmer, R. Wooster and C. L. Wright
doi:10.1038/35057165
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (126K) | Supplementary information
A physical map of the human Y chromosome p943
Charles A. Tilford, Tomoko Kuroda-Kawaguchi, Helen Skaletsky, Steve Rozen, Laura G. Brown, Michael Rosenberg, John D. McPherson, Kristine Wylie, Mandeep Sekhon, Tamara A. Kucaba, Robert H. Waterston and David C. Page
doi:10.1038/35057170
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (156K) | Supplementary information
A high-resolution map of human chromosome 12 p945
Kate T. Montgomery, Eunice Lee, Ashley Miller, Stephanie Lau, Cecilia Shim, Jeremy Decker, Denise Chiu, Suzanne Emerling, Mandeep Sekhon, Rachel Kim, Jack Lenz, Jinghua Han, Ilya Ioshikhes, Beatrice Renault, Ivonne Marondel, Sung-Joo Kim Yoon, Kyuyoung Song, V. V. V. S. Murty, Steven Scherer, Raluca Yonescu, Ilan R. Kirsch, Thomas Ried, John McPherson, Richard Gibbs and Raju Kucherlapati
doi:10.1038/35057174
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (96K) | Supplementary information
A physical map of human chromosome 14 p947
Thomas Brüls, Gabor Gyapay, Jean-Louis Petit, François Artiguenave, Virginie Vico, Shizen Qin, Aye Mon Tin-Wollam, Corinne Da Silva, Delphine Muselet, Delphine Mavel, Eric Pelletier, Michael Levy, Asao Fujiyama, Fumihiko Matsuda, Richard Wilson, Lee Rowen, Leroy Hood, Jean Weissenbach, William Saurin and Roland Heilig
doi:10.1038/35057177
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (99K) | Supplementary information
Integration of telomere sequences with the draft human genome sequence p948
H. C. Riethman, Z. Xiang, S. Paul, E. Morse, X.-L. Hu, J. Flint, H.-C. Chi, D. L. Grady and R. K. Moyzis
doi:10.1038/35057180
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (167K) | Supplementary information
Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps p951
Adong Yu, Chengfeng Zhao, Ying Fan, Wonhee Jang, Andrew J. Mungall, Panos Deloukas, Anne Olsen, Norman A. Doggett, Nader Ghebranious, Karl W. Broman and James L. Weber
doi:10.1038/35057185
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (135K) | Supplementary information
Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome p953
The BAC Resource Consortium, V. G. Cheung, N. Nowak, W. Jang, I. R. Kirsch, S. Zhao, X.-N. Chen, T. S. Furey, U.-J. Kim, W.-L. Kuo, M. Olivier, J. Conroy, A. Kasprzyk, H. Massa, R. Yonescu, S. Sait, C. Thoreen, A. Snijders, E. Lemyre, J. A. Bailey, A. Bruzel, W. D. Burrill, S. M. Clegg, S. Collins, P. Dhami, C. Friedman, C. S. Han, S. Herrick, J. Lee, A. H. Ligon, S. Lowry, M. Morley, S. Narasimhan, K. Osoegawa, Z. Peng, I. Plajzer-Frick, B. J. Quade, D. Scott, K. Sirotkin, A. A. Thorpe, J. W. Gray, J. Hudson, D. Pinkel, T. Ried, L. Rowen, G. L. Shen-Ong, R. L. Strausberg, E. Birney, D. F. Callen, J.-F. Cheng, D. R. Cox, N. A. Doggett, N. P. Carter, E. E. Eichler, D. Haussler, J. R. Korenberg, C. C. Morton, D. Albertson, G. Schuler, P. J. de Jong and B. J. Trask
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (374K) | Supplementary information
New on the Market
Microarrays, DNA and RNA prep p959
Genomics — touched upon elsewhere in the issue — sneaks in here too.
doi:10.1038/35057433
Careers and Recruitment
Labs and companies seek their niches as work continues after the draft p961
Specialization may be the key to success as divisions between big and small genomics centres continue to grow, say Potter Wickware and Paul Smaglik.
Potter Wickware and Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35057438
Following the growth of data p961
Potter Wickware
doi:10.1038/35057442
Current role suggests the shape of future work opportunities p963
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35057445
Who makes the best bioinformaticians? p963
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35057448
Tips for sequence centre job-seekers p964
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35057450
Biology moves into the silicon stage p964
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35057452