Table of contents
Volume 409 Number 6816 pp1-118
Opinion
Nature's 2001 p1
This publication is set to be ever more proactive in its development of content and services. But reflections are appropriate as we finally enter a new millennium, as well as some statements of commitment.
doi:10.1038/35051215
News
Ruling on cleaner diesel leaves Republicans facing a dilemma p3
Tony Reichhardt
doi:10.1038/35051217
Human Proteome Index launched p3
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/35051220
Computer modellers seek out 'Ten Most Wanted' proteins p4
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/35051222
Major UK cancer research charities to consider merger p4
Georgina Kenyon
doi:10.1038/35051225
Study focuses on genetic fallout of the bomb p5
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/35051228
Parliament gives green light to stem-cell research p5
David Dickson
doi:10.1038/35051231
news feature
Mind the pseudogap p8
Physicists are still searching for a convincing theory of high-temperature superconductivity. But at least the nature of the puzzle is becoming clearer. Mark Buchanan weighs the odds of a breakthrough in understanding.
Mark Buchanan
doi:10.1038/35051238
Correspondence
Global biodiversity plan needs to convince local policy-makers p12
Paul Jepson
doi:10.1038/35051132
Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? p12
Andrew Whiten and William C. McGrew
doi:10.1038/35051134
Commentary
1901 and all that p13
The last will and testament of Alfred Nobel provides rich pickings.
doi:10.1038/35051137
Book Reviews
The melting-pot that is ALife p17
An initiation into the world of artificial life by one of its architects
John L. Casti reviews Creation: Life and How to Make It by Steve Grand
doi:10.1038/35051148
The man with faith in the unseeable p18
Jacqueline Reynolds and Charles Tanford review Boltzmann's Atom: The Great Debate That Launched a Revolution in Physics by David Lindley
doi:10.1038/35051151
For the birds p18
Tore Slagsvold reviews Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour by Michael Hansell
doi:10.1038/35051154
Virology in all its guises p19
Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus reviews The Invisible Enemy: A Natural History of Viruses by Dorothy H. Crawford
doi:10.1038/35051157
The rocky road to dating the Earth p20
Douglas Palmer reviews The Dating Game: One Man's Search for the Age of the Earth by Cherry Lewis
doi:10.1038/35051159
millennium essay
Genius loci p21
The twentieth century was made in Budapest.
Vaclav Smil
doi:10.1038/35051162
News and Views
Time for gas planets to grow p23
Giant planets like Jupiter need a large reservoir of gas to grow to full size. New observations indicate that such planetary nurseries last twice as long as previously thought.
Jack J. Lissauer
doi:10.1038/35051182
100 and 50 Years Ago p24
doi:10.1038/35051185
Neurobiology: Background inhibition to the fore p24
Investigations of a neurotransmitter receptor required for 'background' neuronal inhibition in mice show the importance of such inhibition in keeping neuronal excitability under control.
Ivan Soltesz and Zoltan Nusser
doi:10.1038/35051187
Atom optics: A matter of choice p25
Sarah Tomlin
doi:10.1038/35051190
Quantum engineering: Squeezing entanglement p27
Quantum entanglement between two particles is a spooky connection that means measuring one has an instant effect on the other. Connecting many atoms in this way would be the first step towards a quantum computer.
Nick Bigelow
doi:10.1038/35051193
Entomology: The alkaloid defence p28
Amanda Tromans
doi:10.1038/35051196
Mammalian evolution: Relationships to chew over p28
Did advanced mammals evolve on the southern continents and then move north? Not according to a new study, which concludes that such mammals evolved in both the south and the north.
Anne Weil
doi:10.1038/35051199
Immunology: It takes more than two to tango p31
In vivo studies of a pair of co-stimulatory molecules in the immune system of mice may further our understanding of allergic reactions and inflammatory immune responses in humans.
Ronald H. Schwartz
doi:10.1038/35051202
Molecular electronics: Nanowires begin to shine p32
It is not easy finding a worthy successor to highly refined microchip technologies. But electronic devices built from molecular-scale components are fast becoming a good bet.
David H. Cobden
doi:10.1038/35051205
DNA replication: SOS polymerases p33
The standard DNA-replicating machinery cannot copy damaged DNA, so SOS enzymes come to the rescue. It now seems, at least in some bacteria, that different enzymes are required for different types of damage.
Fumio Hanaoka
doi:10.1038/35051208
Brief Communications
Oceanography: Vertical mixing in the ocean p37
D. J. Webb and N. Suginohara
doi:10.1038/35051171
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (145K)
Antibiotic resistance: How wild are wild mammals? p37
Monica Österblad, Kai Norrdahl, Erkki Korpimäki and Pentti Huovinen
doi:10.1038/35051173
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (145K)
reply: How wild are wild mammals? p38
Moira A. Gilliver, Malcom Bennett, Michael Begon, Sarah M. Hazel and C. Anthony Hart
doi:10.1038/35051176
Review
X-ray clusters of galaxies as tracers of structure in the Universe p39
Stefano Borgani and Luigi Guzzo
doi:10.1038/35051000
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (654K)
Articles
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics p46
E. Knill, R. Laflamme and G. J. Milburn
doi:10.1038/35051009
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (226K) | Supplementary information
Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals p53
Zhe-Xi Luo, Richard L. Cifelli and Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska
doi:10.1038/35051023
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (246K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Weil
Letters to Nature
A massive reservoir of low-excitation molecular gas at high redshift p58
Padeli Papadopoulos, Rob Ivison, Chris Carilli and Geraint Lewis
doi:10.1038/35051029
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (205K)
See also: News and Views by Lissauer
Substantial reservoirs of molecular hydrogen in the debris disks around young stars p60
W. F. Thi, G. A. Blake, E. F. van Dishoeck, G. J. van Zadelhoff, J. M. M. Horn, E. E. Becklin, V. Mannings, A. I. Sargent, M. E. van den Ancker and A. Natta
doi:10.1038/35051033
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (166K)
See also: News and Views by Lissauer
Many-particle entanglement with Bose–Einstein condensates p63
A. Sørensen, L.-M. Duan, J. I. Cirac and P. Zoller
doi:10.1038/35051038
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (237K)
See also: News and Views by Bigelow
Indium phosphide nanowires as building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices p66
Xiangfeng Duan, Yu Huang, Yi Cui, Jianfang Wang and Charles M. Lieber
doi:10.1038/35051047
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (354K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Cobden
Computational design of direct-bandgap semiconductors that lattice-match silicon p69
Peihong Zhang, Vincent H. Crespi, Eric Chang, Steven G. Louie and Marvin L. Cohen
doi:10.1038/35051054
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (192K)
Evidence from gabbro of the Troodos ophiolite for lateral magma transport along a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge p72
Meir Abelson, Gidon Baer and Amotz Agnon
doi:10.1038/35051058
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (392K)
The Earth's 'missing' niobium may be in the core p75
J. Wade and B. J. Wood
doi:10.1038/35051064
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (142K)
Symbiotic fungal endophytes control insect host–parasite interaction webs p78
Marina Omacini, Enrique J. Chaneton, Claudio M. Ghersa and Christine B. Müller
doi:10.1038/35051070
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (326K)
Evolution of the bilaterian larval foregut p81
Detlev Arendt, Ulrich Technau and Joachim Wittbrodt
doi:10.1038/35051075
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (475K)
Self-motion and the perception of stationary objects p85
Mark Wexler, Francesco Panerai, Ivan Lamouret and Jacques Droulez
doi:10.1038/35051081
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (153K)
Adaptive regulation of neuronal excitability by a voltage- independent potassium conductance p88
Stephen G. Brickley, Victoria Revilla, Stuart G. Cull-Candy, William Wisden and Mark Farrant
doi:10.1038/35051086
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (843K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Soltesz & Nusser
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity p92
Serge Clément, Ulrike Krause, Florence Desmedt, Jean-François Tanti, Jens Behrends, Xavier Pesesse, Takehiko Sasaki, Joseph Penninger, Margaret Doherty, Willy Malaisse, Jacques E. Dumont, Yannick Le Marchand-Brustel, Christophe Erneux, Louis Hue and Stéphane Schurmans
doi:10.1038/35051094
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (358K) | Supplementary information
ICOS co-stimulatory receptor is essential for T-cell activation and function p97
Chen Dong, Amy E. Juedes, Ulla-Angela Temann, Sujan Shresta, James P. Allison, Nancy H. Ruddle and Richard A. Flavell
doi:10.1038/35051100
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (238K)
See also: News and Views by Schwartz
ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching p102
Alexander J. McAdam, Rebecca J. Greenwald, Michele A. Levin, Tatyana Chernova, Nelly Malenkovich, Vincent Ling, Gordon J. Freeman and Arlene H. Sharpe
doi:10.1038/35051107
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (184K)
See also: News and Views by Schwartz
ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses p105
Anna Tafuri, Arda Shahinian, Friedhelm Bladt, Steve K. Yoshinaga, Manel Jordana, Andrew Wakeham, Louis-Martin Boucher, Denis Bouchard, Vera S. F. Chan, Gordon Duncan, Bernhard Odermatt, Alexandra Ho, Annick Itie, Tom Horan, John S. Whoriskey, Tony Pawson, Josef M. Penninger, Pamela S. Ohashi and Tak W. Mak
doi:10.1038/35051113
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (401K)
See also: News and Views by Schwartz
Telomere looping permits gene activation by a downstream UAS in yeast p109
Derik de Bruin, Zafar Zaman, Rachel A. Liberatore and Mark Ptashne
doi:10.1038/35051119
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (301K)
Direct observation of DNA rotation during transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase p113
Yoshie Harada, Osamu Ohara, Akira Takatsuki, Hiroyasu Itoh, Nobuo Shimamoto and Kazuhiko Kinosita, Jr
doi:10.1038/35051126
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (271K) | Supplementary information
New on the Market
Lab products in the frame p117
Apoptosis detection, avoiding western blots and a hand-held video camera.
doi:10.1038/35051178