Although much of Russia struggles to survive, other former Soviet countries are building new research systems with varying success. A critical need is to avoid western domination of their programmes.
doi:10.1038/35047227
Table of contents
Volume 408 Number 6813 pp625-750
Top of page
News
Successes in fight to save ozone layer could close holes by 2050 p627
Gridlock stalls NIH budget rise p627
US puts global collaboration at heart of AIDS effort p628
Mars images may be legacy of lakeside view p628
Scientists win vote of confidence from French public p628
NIH cash tied to compulsory training in good behaviour p629
France opens door to use of embryos in stem-cell research p629
Medical schools in concert on research ethics p630
Xenotransplantation opponents take FDA to court p630
Japan makes polluters pay after landmark court ruling p631
Academics bid to transcend the Arab–Israeli conflict p631
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News Feature
The great ice mystery p634
Changes in the extent and thickness of sea ice could alter ocean circulation and so disrupt the climate. Jon Copley considers one of the big unknowns in the global warming debate.
Jon Copley
doi:10.1038/35047263
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Correspondence
Island-hopping invaders hitch a ride with tourists in South Georgia p637
Status of Japanese monkeys under debate p637
Call for a fairer deal on grant applications p637
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Commentary
The quantum centennial p639
One hundred years ago, a simple concept changed our world view forever.
Anton Zeilinger
doi:10.1038/35047177
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Book Reviews
All human life is here p643
A tour of anthropology from bipedalism to environmentalism.
doi:10.1038/35047142
An uncertain principal p644
doi:10.1038/35047145
Relics of the quantum century p645
doi:10.1038/35047148
Observing the astronomer p645
doi:10.1038/35047151
New in paperback p646
doi:10.1038/35047154
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Millennium Essay
A chair of one's own p647
The upper reaches of academe remain stubbornly inaccessible to women.
Christine Wennerås and Agnes Wold
doi:10.1038/35047182
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Futures
Murphy's cat p649
Take care who sits next to you at conferences. . .
Joan D. Vinge
doi:10.1038/35047185
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News and Views
気候変動：気候が変わる要因
What drives climate? p651
Variation in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is usually taken to be the main cause of climate change on geological timescales. The apparent exceptions to the link threaten to undermine that view.
Lee R. Kump
doi:10.1038/35047188
地球科学：波を起こすな
Earth science: Not making waves p651
ヒトの進化：集団ゲノム科学の始まり
Human evolution: A start for population genomics p652
The most thorough analysis yet of the divergence of sequences in human mitochondrial DNA has been carried out. The results support the view that modern humans originated in Africa.
S. Blair Hedges
doi:10.1038/35047193
フォトニクス：成功へのしきいは高いか
Photonics: On the threshold of success p653
Tiny crystals that interact strongly with certain frequencies of light can be used to make semiconductor lasers. They can now be stimulated electrically, and thus be integrated with conventional electronic devices.
Richard De La Rue and Chris Smith
doi:10.1038/35047196
100 and 50 years ago p655
doi:10.1038/35047199
植物生物学：人類のCO2排出に対処
Plant biology: Coping with human CO2 emissions p656
For two centuries, a natural experiment has been showing how increasing atmospheric CO2 affects plants. Laboratory work provides pointers as to how they will respond in the future.
Laura Serna and Carmen Fenoll
doi:10.1038/35047202
地球化学：マントルもリサイクル
Geochemistry: Mantle recycled in Sardinia p657
The origin of the 'EM-1 signature' evident in certain basalt rocks is a long-standing puzzle. Comparison of data from Pitcairn Island and Sardinia may shed some light on the enigma.
Barry B. Hanan
doi:10.1038/35047205
免疫学：DNAワクチンとToll
Immunology: A Toll for DNA vaccines p659
The mammalian protein that triggers an innate immune response to bacterial DNA has been identified. This discovery may help in understanding and improving DNA-based vaccines.
Robert L. Modlin
doi:10.1038/35047207
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News and Views Feature
Quantum theory's last challenge p661
Quantum theory is 100 years old and still going strong. Combining general relativity with quantum mechanics is the last hurdle to be overcome in the 'quantum revolution'.
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia
doi:10.1038/35047210
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Brief Communications
A giant atomic slide-puzzle p665
Atoms crammed tightly together in metal crystal surfaces are surprisingly mobile.
R. van Gastel, E. Somfai, W. van Saarloos and J.W.M. Frenken
doi:10.1038/35047156
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (250K) | Supplementary information
Psychology: An electoral butterfly effect p665
Robert C. Sinclair, Melvin M. Mark, Sean E. Moore, Carrie A. Lavis and Alexander S. Soldat
doi:10.1038/35047160
Geophysics: Timing of the Martian dynamo p666
G. Schubert, C. T. Russell and W. B. Moore
doi:10.1038/35047163
ATP-dependent proteases: Docking of components in a bacterial complex p667
Takashi Ishikawa, Michael R. Maurizi, David Belnap and Alasdair C. Steven
doi:10.1038/35047165
reply: Docking of components in a bacterial complex p668
Matthias Bochtler, Claudia Hartmann, Hyun Kyu Song, Ravishankar Ramachandran and Robert Huber
doi:10.1038/35047168
Addendum: A new model for protein stereospecificity p668
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Review
地球：地球地殻内の花こう岩マグマの形成、輸送および貫入
Granite magma formation, transport and emplacement in the Earth's crust p669
N. Petford, A. R. Cruden, K. J. W. McCaffrey and J.-L. Vigneresse
doi:10.1038/35047000
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (207K)
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Articles
地球：単一の巨大津波ではなく複数の事件により形成されたラナイ島の化石産出層
Fossiliferous Lana'i deposits formed by multiple events rather than a single giant tsunami p675
Ken H. Rubin, Charles H. Fletcher, III and Clark Sherman
doi:10.1038/35047008
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (318K)
生化学：Tiam1のグアニンヌクレオチド交換領域と複合体をつくったRac1の結晶構造
Crystal structure of Rac1 in complex with the guanine nucleotide exchange region of Tiam1 p682
David K. Worthylake, Kent L. Rossman and John Sondek
doi:10.1038/35047014
Top of page
Adherens junctions and
Structure of the bacteriophage
Letters to Nature
宇宙：異常なX線パルサー4U0142+61に対応する可視天体
An optical counterpart to the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U0142+61 p689
F. Hulleman, M. H. van Kerkwijk and S. R. Kulkarni
doi:10.1038/35047024
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (297K)
物理：引力相互作用を伴うボース・アインシュタイン凝縮の成長と崩壊の直接的観測
Direct observation of growth and collapse of a Bose–Einstein condensate with attractive interactions p692
Jordan M. Gerton, Dmitry Strekalov, Ionut Prodan and Randall G. Hulet
doi:10.1038/35047030
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (428K)
化学：ガラス転移付近における分子協同性の直接観測
Direct observation of molecular cooperativity near the glass transition p695
気候：顕生代に大気中CO2と全地球的気候が関係していなかった証拠
Evidence for decoupling of atmospheric CO2 and global climate during the Phanerozoic eon p698
地球：サルジニア島の玄武岩の地球化学によるプリューム頭部の地球マントルへの再循環の証拠
Evidence from Sardinian basalt geochemistry for recycling of plume heads into the Earth's mantle p701
D. Gasperini, J. Blichert-Toft, D. Bosch, A. Del Moro, P. Macera, P. Télouk and F. Albarède
doi:10.1038/35047049
進化：知られるうちで最小の非鳥類型獣脚類恐竜
The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur p705
Xing Xu, Zhonghe Zhou and Xiaolin Wang
doi:10.1038/35047056
進化：ミトコンドリアゲノムの変動性と現生人類の起源
Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans p708
Max Ingman, Henrik Kaessmann, Svante Pääbo and Ulf Gyllensten
doi:10.1038/35047064
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (247K)
生理：HIC信号経路がCO2感知と気孔発生をつなぐ
The HIC signalling pathway links CO2 perception to stomatal development p713
Julie E. Gray, Geoff H. Holroyd, Frederique M. van der Lee, Ahmad R. Bahrami, Peter C. Sijmons, F. Ian Woodward, Wolfgang Schuch and Alistair M. Hetherington
doi:10.1038/35047071
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (189K)
生理：光信号を概日振動子に伝える「時計係」としてのELF3
The ELF3zeitnehmer regulates light signalling to the circadian clock p716
Harriet G. McWatters, Ruth M. Bastow, Anthony Hall and Andrew J. Millar
doi:10.1038/35047079
医学：β‐アレスチン‐2を介したμ型オピオイド受容体の脱感作で決まるモルヒネ耐性と決まらない依存性
-Opioid receptor desensitization by 
-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence p720
Laura M. Bohn, Raul R. Gainetdinov, Fang-Tsyr Lin, Robert J. Lefkowitz and Marc G. Caron
doi:10.1038/35047086
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (155K)
生理：チロシンキナーゼに依存して起こる、N型カルシウムチャネルへのRGS12の動員
Tyrosine-kinase-dependent recruitment of RGS12 to the N-type calcium channel p723
Max L. Schiff, David P. Siderovski, J. Dedrick Jordan, Greg Brothers, Bryan Snow, Luc De Vries, Daniel F. Ortiz and María Diversé-Pierluissi
doi:10.1038/35047093
生理：非後生動物における接着結合とβ‐カテニンを介した細胞情報伝達
Adherens junctions and -catenin-mediated cell signalling in a non-metazoan
organism p727
Mark J. Grimson, Juliet C. Coates, Jonathan P. Reynolds, Mark Shipman, Richard L. Blanton and Adrian J. Harwood
doi:10.1038/35047099
細胞：IRSp53は細胞膜の波打ち現象の調節に不可欠な、RacとWAVEを仲介するタンパク質である
IRSp53 is an essential intermediate between Rac and WAVE in the regulation of membrane ruffling p732
Hiroaki Miki, Hideki Yamaguchi, Shiro Suetsugu and Tadaomi Takenawa
doi:10.1038/35047107
生理：InsP4は、InsP35‐ホスファターゼ阻害により、カルシウム貯蔵量に誘発されるカルシウム流入を促進
InsP4 facilitates store-operated calcium influx by inhibition of InsP3 5-phosphatase p735
Meredith C. Hermosura, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Andrea Fleig, Andrew M. Riley, Barry V. L. Potter, Masato Hirata and Reinhold Penner
doi:10.1038/35047115
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (762K)
医学：Toll様受容体が細菌DNAを認識する
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA p740
Hiroaki Hemmi, Osamu Takeuchi, Taro Kawai, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shintaro Sato, Hideki Sanjo, Makoto Matsumoto, Katsuaki Hoshino, Hermann Wagner, Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira
doi:10.1038/35047123
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (317K)
生化学：バクテリオファージf29のDNA詰込みモーターの構造
Structure of the bacteriophage 
29 DNA packaging motor p745
Alan A. Simpson, Yizhi Tao, Petr G. Leiman, Mohammed O. Badasso, Yongning He, Paul J. Jardine, Norman H. Olson, Marc C. Morais, Shelley Grimes, Dwight L. Anderson, Timothy S. Baker and Michael G. Rossmann
doi:10.1038/35047129
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (560K)
erratum: Logical computation using algorithmic self-assembly of DNA triple-crossover molecules p750
Chengde Mao, Thomas H. LaBean, John H. Reif and Nadrian Seeman
doi:10.1038/35047136
erratum: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model p750
Peter M. Cox, Richard A. Betts, Chris D. Jones, Steven A. Spall and Ian J. Totterdell
doi:10.1038/35047138
