The Nobel laureate's prizewinning work was accomplished in the Soviet era, but his example and initiative can help Russia rebuild its science and technology. Philanthropists should take note.
doi:10.1038/35044220
Table of contents
Volume 408 Number 6811 pp389-498
In this issue (23 November 2000)
Top of page
News
Anthropologists in turmoil over allegations of misconduct p391
Partners edge closer to vital step on fusion p392
French target research money at allaying BSE fears p392
Europe boosts genome resource centres . . . p393
. . . as German genomics gets cash windfall p393
Placebos could improve link between medical outlooks p394
Researchers fail to find signs of life in 'living' particles p394
Biotech report dubbed 'worthless' p394
Governments urged to rethink dam projects p395
Aventis gets short shrift over release of modified corn p395
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News Feature
Russia's prize fighter p398
When Zhores Alferov won a share of this year's Nobel Prize for Physics, he restored pride to Russian science. But can he exploit his celebrity status to move research up the political agenda? Quirin Schiermeier investigates.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/35044254
Fruitfly centre spreads its wings p400
The world's main supplier of exotic Drosophila species has had a poor record for customer service. But, as Rex Dalton found, it is having a facelift that should boost studies of evolutionary genetics.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/35044258
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Correspondence
Revolution in references: give readers a chance by putting page numbers p402
Top of page
Book Reviews
Speaking in too many tongues p403
Linguists are divided in their ideas about the origin of language.
doi:10.1038/35044137
Celebrating blurry boundaries p404
doi:10.1038/35044140
Observations of a travelling naturalist p405
doi:10.1038/35044143
Science in culture p406
doi:10.1038/35044147
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News and Views
オプトエレクトロニクス；シリコンから光を引き出す
Gaining light from silicon p411
Silicon lasers would help computers operate faster by replacing electrical connections with optical ones. The trouble is, normal silicon doesn't glow. Densely packed silicon nanocrystals could be the answer.
Leigh Canham
doi:10.1038/35044156
遺伝子調節：ローカルかグローバルか
Gene regulation: Local or global? p412
Modifications to histone proteins were thought to act only locally to control the expression of single genes. But the finding of such changes across the whole genome brings that view into question.
Shelley L. Berger
doi:10.1038/35044160
化学：炭素−炭素結合を切る
Chemistry: Clipping the carbon–carbon bond p415
The bonds between two carbon atoms tend to be hard to break. But careful manipulation of the starting material can make the process remarkably easy.
Robert H. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/35044164
100 and 50 years ago p416
doi:10.1038/35044167
進化生物学：デジャビュ
Evolutionary biology: Déjà vu p416
A long-term study of fruitflies adds to the evidence that evolution can run backwards. To what extent the genetic underpinnings revert to the original is unclear.
J. J. Bull
doi:10.1038/35044169
材料科学：孔の性格を知る
Materials science: Pore characterization p417
発生生物学：組合せ暗号による制御
Developmental biology: Control by combinatorial codes p419
Studies in fruitflies support the idea that regulatory regions of genes control development by acting as molecular 'computers', calculating cell fate according to the combined effects of several signalling pathways.
Arjumand Ghazi and K. VijayRaghavan
doi:10.1038/35044174
糖尿病：ラットとマウスの遺伝子治療
Diabetes: Gene therapy for rats and mice p420
Delivery of an insulin-encoding gene into diabetic rats and mice has helped them to regulate their blood glucose levels. But there are still obstacles to overcome before this approach can be used in humans.
Jerrold M. Olefsky
doi:10.1038/35044177
分子エレクトロニクス：2通りに働く材料
Molecular electronics: A dual-action material p421
In the drive for smaller electronic components, chemists are thinking on a molecular scale. By combining two simple molecules, a hybrid has been produced that is both magnetic and an electrical conductor.
Fernando Palacio and Joel S. Miller
doi:10.1038/35044179
人類学：地味な食料
Anthropology: Lovely grub p422
Olympus/Nature competition: A 1, 2, 3 in light microscopy p423
The standard of entries in the Olympus and Nature Light Microscopy Competition was extremely high. But there could be only one winner: a stunning image of a dividing newt lung cell.
Graham A. Dunn
doi:10.1038/35044186
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Brief Communications
Older bull elephants control young males p425
Orphaned male adolescents go on killing sprees if mature males aren't around.
Rob Slotow, Gus van Dyk, Joyce Poole, Bruce Page and Andre Klocke
doi:10.1038/35044191
Materials science: C66 fullerene encaging a scandium dimer p426
Chun-Ru Wang, Tsutomu Kai, Tetsuo Tomiyama, Takuya Yoshida, Yuji Kobayashi, Eiji Nishibori, Masaki Takata, Makoto Sakata and Hisanori Shinohara
doi:10.1038/35044195
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (459K) | Supplementary information
Materials science: A stable non-classical metallofullerene family p427
S. Stevenson, P. W. Fowler, T. Heine, J. C. Duchamp, G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, E. Hajdu, R. Bible and H. C. Dorn
doi:10.1038/35044199
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (510K) | Supplementary information
Palaeontology: The 'feathers' of Longisquama p428
Correction: Detection of preinvasive cancer cells p428
doi:10.1038/35044207
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Progress
医学：BRCA1とBRCA2の腫瘍抑制因子機能を探索
In search of the tumour-suppressor functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 p429
Top of page
Review
細胞：DNA損傷応答：チェックポイントの位置づけ
The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective p433
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Article
材料：シリコンナノ結晶における光学利得
Optical gain in silicon nanocrystals p440
L. Pavesi, L. Dal Negro, C. Mazzoleni, G. Franzò and F. Priolo
doi:10.1038/35044012
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G
Letters to Nature
宇宙：マウンダー極小期以降の太陽の大規模磁場の進化
Evolution of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field since the Maunder minimum p445
材料：分子ベースの層状化合物における強磁性と金属性伝導の共存
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and metallic conductivity in a molecule-based layered compound p447
Eugenio Coronado, José R. Galán-Mascarós, Carlos J. Gómez-García and Vladimir Laukhin
doi:10.1038/35044035
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (265K)
工学：三次元メソ多孔体のケージと細孔の直接観察
Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials p449
Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Mizue Kaneda, Osamu Terasaki, Dong Yuan Zhao, Ji Man Kim, Galen Stucky, Hyun June Shin and Ryong Ryoo
doi:10.1038/35044040
気候：海流のデータによる全地球の海洋循環、熱輸送および混合の改善された見積もり
Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data p453
地球：キラウエア火山における地震発生率変化を応力計として使用
The use of earthquake rate changes as a stress meter at Kilauea volcano p457
生態：ホッキョクジリスの個体群に同時作用する密度依存性および密度非依存性
Concurrent density dependence and independence in populations of arctic ground squirrels p460
進化：進化の可逆性に見られる多様性
Variation in the reversibility of evolution p463
生理：行動の企画時に標的と体部位の情報を統合する運動前野
Integration of target and body-part information in the premotor cortex when planning action p466
Eiji Hoshi and Jun Tanji
doi:10.1038/35044075
神経：線虫の体移動行動の調節にかかわるセロトニン依存性ClチャネルMOD-1
MOD-1 is a serotonin-gated chloride channel that modulates locomotory behaviour in C. elegans p470
Rajesh Ranganathan, Stephen C. Cannon and H. Robert Horvitz
doi:10.1038/35044083
発生：Notch情報伝達系と体節中胚葉の分節時計の同調化
Notch signalling and the synchronization of the somite segmentation clock p475
Yun-Jin Jiang, Birgit L. Aerne, Lucy Smithers, Catherine Haddon, David Ish-Horowicz and Julian Lewis
doi:10.1038/35044091
医学：病原性プリオンタンパク質のプラスミノーゲンへの結合
Binding of disease-associated prion protein to plasminogen p479
Michael B. Fischer, Christiane Roeckl, Petra Parizek, Hans Peter Schwarz and Adriano Aguzzi
doi:10.1038/35044100
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (207K)
医学：一本鎖インスリン類似体を使った遺伝子治療によって得られた1型糖尿病モデル動物の寛解
Remission in models of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy using a single-chain insulin analogue p483
Hyun Chul Lee, Su-Jin Kim, Kyung-Sup Kim, Hang-Cheol Shin and Ji-Won Yoon
doi:10.1038/35044106
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (373K)
生理：ユビキチン系に類似の機構によるタンパク質の脂質付加反応
A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation p488
Yoshinobu Ichimura, Takayoshi Kirisako, Toshifumi Takao, Yoshinori Satomi, Yasutsugu Shimonishi, Naotada Ishihara, Noboru Mizushima, Isei Tanida, Eiki Kominami, Mariko Ohsumi, Takeshi Noda and Yoshinori Ohsumi
doi:10.1038/35044114
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (288K)
生理：GαiとGαoは活性酸素種の標的タンパク質である
G
i and Go are target proteins of
reactive oxygen species p492
Motohiro Nishida, Yoshiko Maruyama, Rie Tanaka, Kenji Kontani, Taku Nagao and Hitoshi Kurose
doi:10.1038/35044120
細胞：酵母におけるヒストンの全体的なアセチル化と脱アセチル化
Global histone acetylation and deacetylation in yeast p495
Maria Vogelauer, Jiansheng Wu, Noriyuki Suka and Michael Grunstein
doi:10.1038/35044127
日本語要約 | Full Text | PDF (188K)
erratum: An intrinsic but cell-nonautonomous defect in GATA-1-overexpressing mouse erythroid cells p498
David Whyatt, Fokke Lindeboom, Alar Karis, Rita Ferreira, Eric Milot, Rudi Hendriks, Marella de Bruijin, An Langeveld , Joost Gribnau, Frank Grosveld and Sjaak Philipsen
doi:10.1038/35044133
Correction: Id2 is a retinoblastoma protein target and mediates signalling by Myc oncoproteins p498
Anna Lasorella, Michela Noseda, Mercedes Beyna, Yoshifumi Yokota and Antonio Iavarone
doi:10.1038/35044135
