Table of contents
Volume 406 Number 6799 pp921-1056
Opinion
Tea but no cake p921
As Japan strives to encourage academics to work more closely with industry, progress is hindered by strict government regulations, researchers' fear of criticism and industry's reluctance to fund research that may not bring profits.
doi:10.1038/35023294
Awkward inconsistencies of a stem-cell rule p921
The US government's clever interpretation of the law lets stem-cell research proceed, but leaves it exposed to challenges.
doi:10.1038/35023296
News
Wellcome discusses structural genomics effort with industry... p923
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35023298
...but data release remains an open question p923
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35023302
Cambridge seeks £1.6 million to buy Newton's papers p924
Natasha Loder
doi:10.1038/35023304
Novartis pins hopes for GM seeds on new marker system p924
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/35023307
Embryo stem-cell work gets NIH go-ahead p925
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35023309
Japan seeks science entrepreneurs p925
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/35023313
Ecologists back blueprint to save biodiversity hotspots p926
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/35023316
North Carolina reflects on ammonia controls p928
Jessa Netting
doi:10.1038/35023319
News Feature
Chasing the dragons p930
Stunning fossils from Liaoning province have created a boom for Chinese palaeontologists and local farmers alike. Rex Dalton reports from the wild frontier where researchers do battle with the black market.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/35023182
Correspondence
Sequencing solution: use volunteer annotators organized via Internet p933
Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Robert E. W. Hancock and C. Kendal Stover
doi:10.1038/35023188
Let's get the right man in the right job p933
David M. Wilkinson
doi:10.1038/35023190
Model already exists for fair use of gene data p933
Andrew C. R. Martin
doi:10.1038/35023192
Book Reviews
The tree of ignorance p935
Evolution emerges unscathed from the battle of creation.
Robert W. Cahn reviews The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism by Niles Eldredge
doi:10.1038/35023047
Martian chronicles p936
Kenneth Nealson reviews In Search of Life on Mars by Malcolm Walter and Dead Mars, Dying Earth by John E. Brandenburg and Monica Rix Paxson
doi:10.1038/35023050
Down to Earth p936
doi:10.1038/35023052
Bad eggs p937
Robert C. Fleischer reviews Cuckoos, Cowbirds and Other Cheats by N. B. Davies
doi:10.1038/35023055
Time to deal with the legacy of secrecy p938
Arthur C. Upton reviews Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans by Jonathan D. Moreno
doi:10.1038/35023058
New in paperback p938
doi:10.1038/35023060
Millennium Essay
The tube worm turns p939
Science needs a new breed of Renaissance man and woman.
Roel Snieder
doi:10.1038/35023062
Futures
The flaw is human p941
The end of the Human Genome Reclamation Project
Jim Kling
doi:10.1038/35023065
News and Views
Chemistry: Crystals that breathe p943
A non-porous crystal that can inhale and exhale sulphur dioxide gas without imploding offers a new way to make nanostructures. Microscopic gas sensors and switches could soon be created using this simple chemistry.
Jonathan W. Steed
doi:10.1038/35023194
Cancer: Sheep, lilies and human genetics p944
Allen E. Bale
doi:10.1038/35023197
Artificial life: From robot dreams to reality p945
Rodney Brooks
doi:10.1038/35023200
Bacterial genomics: Pump up the versatility p947
E. Peter Greenberg
doi:10.1038/35023203
Mathematics: The Lorenz attractor exists p948
Ian Stewart
doi:10.1038/35023206
Malaria: Channelling nutrients p949
Kiaran Kirk
doi:10.1038/35023209
Geology: Probing the memory of mud p951
Alan Kemp
doi:10.1038/35023211
100 and 50 years ago p952
doi:10.1038/35023214
Developmental biology: Giving limbs a hand p953
Martin J. Cohn
doi:10.1038/35023216
Daedalus: Power in the dust p954
David Jones
doi:10.1038/35023219
Brief Communications
Oceanic respite for wandering albatrosses p955
Birds taking time off from breeding head for their favourite long-haul destinations.
Henri Weimerskirch and Rory P. Wilson
doi:10.1038/35023068
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (161K)
Plant biotechnology: Caffeine synthase gene from tea leaves p956
Misako Kato, Kouichi Mizuno, Alan Crozier, Tatsuhito Fujimura and Hiroshi Ashihara
doi:10.1038/35023072
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (107K)
Neurobiology: Kainate receptors and synaptic plasticity p957
R. A. Nicoll, J. Mellor, M. Frerking and D. Schmitz
doi:10.1038/35023075
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (75K)
reply: Kainate receptors and synaptic plasticity p957
Zuner A. Bortolotto, Vernon R. J. Clarke, Caroline M. Delany, Michel Vignes and Graham L. Collingridge
doi:10.1038/35023077
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (75K)
Article
Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen p959
C. K. Stover, X. Q. Pham, A. L. Erwin, S. D. Mizoguchi, P. Warrener, M. J. Hickey, F.S. L. Brinkman, W. O. Hufnagle, D. J. Kowalik, M. Lagrou, R. L. Garber, L. Goltry, E. Tolentino, S. Westbrock-Wadman, Y. Yuan, L. L. Brody, S. N. Coulter, K. R. Folger, A. Kas, K. Larbig, R. Lim, K. Smith, D. Spencer, G. K.-S. Wong, Z. Wu, I. T. Paulsen, J. Reizer, M. H. Saier, R. E. W. Hancock, S. Lory and M. V. Olson
doi:10.1038/35023079
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (770K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Greenberg
Letters to Nature
Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-T c superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6 p965
Pengcheng Dai,
H. A. Mook,
G. Aeppli,
S. M. Hayden
and
F. Do
an
doi:10.1038/35023094
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (261K)
Quantum correlation among photons from a single quantum dot at room temperature p968
P. Michler,
A. Imamolu,
M. D. Mason,
P. J. Carson,
G. F. Strouse
and
S. K. Buratto
doi:10.1038/35023100
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (211K)
Organoplatinum crystals for gas-triggered switches p970
Martin Albrecht, Martin Lutz, Anthony L. Spek and Gerard van Koten
doi:10.1038/35023107
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (292K)
See also: News and Views by Steed
Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms p974
Hod Lipson and Jordan B. Pollack
doi:10.1038/35023115
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (381K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Brooks
Acclimation of ecosystem CO2 exchange in the Alaskan Arctic in response to decadal climate warming p978
Walter C. Oechel, George L. Vourlitis, Steven J. Hastings, Rommel C. Zulueta, Larry Hinzman and Douglas Kane
doi:10.1038/35023137
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (208K) | Supplementary information
Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling p981
Jürgen Schieber, Dave Krinsley and Lee Riciputi
doi:10.1038/35023143
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (372K)
See also: News and Views by Kemp
Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by natural selection p985
Barry Sinervo, Erik Svensson and Tosha Comendant
doi:10.1038/35023149
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (189K)
The role of microbes in accretion, lamination and early lithification of modern marine stromatolites p989
R. P. Reid, P. T. Visscher, A. W. Decho, J. F. Stolz, B. M. Bebout, C. Dupraz, I. G. Macintyre, H. W. Paerl, J. L. Pinckney, L. Prufert-Bebout, T. F. Steppe and D. J. DesMarais
doi:10.1038/35023158
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (449K)
Ant-like task allocation and recruitment in cooperative robots p992
Michael J. B. Krieger, Jean-Bernard Billeter and Laurent Keller
doi:10.1038/35023164
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (140K) | Supplementary information
The relative metabolic demand of inhibition and excitation p995
Daniel Waldvogel, Peter van Gelderen, Wolf Muellbacher, Ulf Ziemann, Ilka Immisch and Mark Hallett
doi:10.1038/35023171
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (226K)
A role for the C3a anaphylatoxin receptor in the effector phase of asthma p998
Alison A. Humbles, Bao Lu, Christy A. Nilsson, Craig Lilly, Elliot Israel, Yuko Fujiwara, Norma P. Gerard and Craig Gerard
doi:10.1038/35023175
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (152K)
A voltage-dependent channel involved in nutrient uptake by red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite p1001
Sanjay A. Desai, Sergey M. Bezrukov and Joshua Zimmerberg
doi:10.1038/35023000
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (403K)
See also: News and Views by Kirk
Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine p1005
Jussi Taipale, James K. Chen, Michael K. Cooper, Baolin Wang, Randall K. Mann, Ljiljana Milenkovic, Matthew P. Scott and Philip A. Beachy
doi:10.1038/35023008
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (277K) | Supplementary information
The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function p1009
Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld, Fiona Townsley and Mariann Bienz
doi:10.1038/35023016
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (381K) | Supplementary information
Myosin V orientates the mitotic spindle in yeast p1013
Hongwei Yin, David Pruyne, Tim C. Huffaker and Anthony Bretscher
doi:10.1038/35023024
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (193K)
Eukaryotic polymerases 
and 
act sequentially to bypass DNA
lesions p1015
Robert E. Johnson, M. Todd Washington, Lajos Haracska, Satya Prakash and Louise Prakash
doi:10.1038/35023030
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (195K) | Supplementary information
Insight
forewordThe future of microelectronics p1021
doi:10.1038/35023221
commentary
The drive to miniaturization p1023
Following the introduction of silicon-based integrated circuitry over three decades ago, the integration density of such circuits has doubled every 12 to 18 months: this observation is known as Moore's law. For this historical trend to continue, significant challenges need to be overcome in several key technological areas. But for many of these challenges, there are at present no known solutions.
Paul S. Peercy
doi:10.1038/35023223
review article
Pushing the limits of lithography p1027
The phenomenal rate of increase in the integration density of silicon chips has been sustained in large part by advances in optical lithography — the process that patterns and guides the fabrication of the component semiconductor devices and circuitry. Although the introduction of shorter-wavelength light sources and resolution-enhancement techniques should help maintain the current rate of device miniaturization for several more years, a point will be reached where optical lithography can no longer attain the required feature sizes. Several alternative lithographic techniques under development have the capability to overcome these resolution limits but, at present, no obvious successor to optical lithography has emerged.
Takashi Ito and Shinji Okazaki
doi:10.1038/35023233
Alternative dielectrics to silicon dioxide for memory and logic devices p1032
The silicon-based microelectronics industry is rapidly approaching a point where device fabrication can no longer be simply scaled to progressively smaller sizes. Technological decisions must now be made that will substantially alter the directions along which silicon devices continue to develop. One such challenge is the need for higher permittivity dielectrics to replace silicon dioxide, the properties of which have hitherto been instrumental to the industry's success. Considerable efforts have already been made to develop replacement dielectrics for dynamic random-access memories. These developments serve to illustrate the magnitude of the now urgent problem of identifying alternatives to silicon dioxide for the gate dielectric in logic devices, such as the ubiquitous field-effect transistor.
Angus I. Kingon, Jon-Paul Maria and S. K. Streiffer
doi:10.1038/35023243
Amplifying quantum signals with the single-electron transistor p1039
Transistors have continuously reduced in size and increased in switching speed since their invention in 1947. The exponential pace of transistor evolution has led to a revolution in information acquisition, processing and communication technologies. And reigning over most digital applications is a single device structure — the field-effect transistor (FET). But as device dimensions approach the nanometre scale, quantum effects become increasingly important for device operation, and conceptually new transistor structures may need to be adopted. A notable example of such a structure is the single-electron transistor, or SET1, 2, 3, 4. Although it is unlikely that SETs will replace FETs in conventional electronics, they should prove useful in ultra-low-noise analog applications. Moreover, because it is not affected by the same technological limitations as the FET, the SET can approach closely the quantum limit of sensitivity. It might also be a useful read-out device for a solid-state quantum computer.
Michel H. Devoret and Robert J. Schoelkopf
doi:10.1038/35023253
Ultimate physical limits to computation p1047
Computers are physical systems: the laws of physics dictate what
they can and cannot do. In particular, the speed with which a physical device
can process information is limited by its energy and the amount of information
that it can process is limited by the number of degrees of freedom it possesses.
Here I explore the physical limits of computation as determined by the speed
of light c, the quantum scale 
and the gravitational constant
G. As an example, I put quantitative bounds to the computational power
of an 'ultimate laptop' with a mass of one kilogram confined
to a volume of one litre.
Seth Lloyd
doi:10.1038/35023282
New on the Market
Biotechnology selection p1055
New ways of handling slurry, rats in transit, and DNA.
doi:10.1038/35023041
