Table of contents
Volume 406 Number 6797 pp661-812
Opinion
The trials of xenotransplantation p661
While some researchers report progress towards the goal of producing pig organs for human transplantation, others have revealed new causes for worry about the potential consequences.
doi:10.1038/35021253
Seeing the wood for the trees p661
The spectacular US forest fires should be a stimulus to improving the management of the ecosystems in the American west.
doi:10.1038/35021255
News
German scientists left in the cold as Berlin rejects rescue plan p663
Alison Abbott and Ute Gitschel
doi:10.1038/35021257
Roslin backs off pig organ work p663
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35021260
Deal on reprints could mean royalties for scientists p664
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/35021263
German government takes a narrow view of gene patents p664
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/35021266
Japan seeks to unify ethics rules on genomics research p665
Robert Triendl
doi:10.1038/35021269
The sky's the limit as radio telescope array is approved p665
Steve Nadis
doi:10.1038/35021272
NASA pins hopes on bigger, costlier mission to Mars p666
William Triplett
doi:10.1038/35021275
Science champion joins US election race p667
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/35021279
Chemist tipped for top UK science post p667
David Dickson
doi:10.1038/35021282
US dispute over definition of animal distress p668
Jessica Netting
doi:10.1038/35021285
News Feature
New fronts in an old war p670
There has been no new treatment for tuberculosis for three decades. But there is now the potential for a radical resurgence of drug development, says Declan Butler, if the political and industrial climate stays fair.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/35021291
Correspondence
Though HIV is the main cause of AIDS, other factors play a role p673
R. T. D. Oliver
doi:10.1038/35021298
Responsible aquaculture can aid food problems p673
M. J. Williams, J. D. Bell, M. V. Gupta, M. Dey, M. Ahmed, M. Prein, S. Child, P. R. Gardiner, R. Brummett and D. Jamu
doi:10.1038/35021300
Will we ever know what the Chinese knew? p673
Ichikawa Shinji
doi:10.1038/35021302
Book Reviews
Rights and wrongs p675
A call for apes to be given legal personhood, and to find their place in research.
Kenan Malik reviews Rattling the Cage: Towards Legal Rights for Animals by Steven M. Wise and Animals in Research: For And Against by Lesley Grayson
doi:10.1038/35021118
Any old bones? p676
Christopher Wills reviews Skeletons in Our Closet: Revealing the Past Through Bioarchaeology by Clark Spencer Larsen
doi:10.1038/35021121
From donkeys and cows to whales p677
Axel Meyer reviews Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology by Annalisa Berta and James L. Sumich
doi:10.1038/35021124
Dancing in the blue p677
doi:10.1038/35021126
Science in culture p678
Sara Abdulla reviews
doi:10.1038/35021129
Millennium Essay
Powerful reactions p679
Nuclear power has taken a meandering route, but it is here to stay.
Chauncey Starr
doi:10.1038/35021146
Futures
Worlds of IIF p680
The facts in the case of doomed, frozen Shankara 3.
Roland Denison
doi:10.1038/35021149
News and Views
Crop strength through diversity p681
In conventional farming, single varieties of crop plants are grown alone. But mixing varieties may be a better option: several rice strains, planted together on a large scale, are more resistant to a major fungal disease.
Martin S. Wolfe
doi:10.1038/35021152
Artificial noses: Picture the smell p682
Ingemar Lundström
doi:10.1038/35021156
Microbiology: Lipid lunch for persistent pathogen p683
William Bishai
doi:10.1038/35021159
100 and 50 years ago p684
doi:10.1038/35021163
Earth systems: Feedback on Gaia p685
Jim Gillon
doi:10.1038/35021165
Neurobiology: The shaky trace p686
Yadin Dudai
doi:10.1038/35021168
Organic materials: From insulator to superconductor p687
Philip Phillips
doi:10.1038/35021170
Cancer: Taking up iodide in breast tissue p688
Piri L. Welcsh and David A. Mankoff
doi:10.1038/35021173
Global change: Ice sheets by volume p689
Peter U. Clark and Alan C. Mix
doi:10.1038/35021176
Daedalus: Shuffling around p690
David Jones
doi:10.1038/35021179
Brief Communications
Attention is fast but volition is slow p691
A random scan is a quicker way to find items in a display than a systematic search.
Jeremy M. Wolfe, George A. Alvarez and Todd S. Horowitz
doi:10.1038/35021132
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (72K)
Biogeography: A marine Wallace's line? p692
Paul H. Barber, Stephen R. Palumbi, Mark V. Erdmann and M. Kasim Moosa
doi:10.1038/35021135
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (327K)
Tokaimura accident: Neutron dose estimates from 5-yen coins p693
Masuchika Kohno and Yoshinobu Koizumi
doi:10.1038/35021138
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (79K)
Article
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years p695
Paul N. Pearson and Martin R. Palmer
doi:10.1038/35021000
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (178K)
Letters to Nature
Deep and stable interferometric nulling of broadband light with implications for observing planets around nearby stars p700
Kent Wallace, Graham Hardy and Eugene Serabyn
doi:10.1038/35021007
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (130K)
Superconductivity in molecular crystals induced by charge injection p702
J. H. Schön, Ch. Kloc and B. Batlogg
doi:10.1038/35021011
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (242K)
See also: News and Views by Phillips
Room-temperature electronic phase transitions in the continuous phase diagrams of perovskite manganites p704
Young-Kook Yoo, Fred Duewer, Haitao Yang, Dong Yi, Jing-Wei Li and X.-D. Xiang
doi:10.1038/35021018
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (349K)
Stress transmission through a model system of cohesionless elastic grains p708
Miguel Da Silva and Jean Rajchenbach
doi:10.1038/35021023
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (338K)
A colorimetric sensor array for odour visualization p710
Neal A. Rakow and Kenneth S. Suslick
doi:10.1038/35021028
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (264K) | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Lundström
Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima p713
Yusuke Yokoyama, Kurt Lambeck, Patrick De Deckker, Paul Johnston and L. Keith Fifield
doi:10.1038/35021035
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (325K)
See also: News and Views by Clark & Mix
Cursoriality in bipedal archosaurs p716
Terry D. Jones, James O. Farlow, John A. Ruben, Donald M. Henderson and Willem J. Hillenius
doi:10.1038/35021041
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (145K) | Supplementary information
Genetic diversity and disease control in rice p718
Youyong Zhu, Hairu Chen, Jinghua Fan, Yunyue Wang, Yan Li, Jianbing Chen, JinXiang Fan, Shisheng Yang, Lingping Hu, Hei Leung, Tom W. Mew, Paul S. Teng, Zonghua Wang and Christopher C. Mundt
doi:10.1038/35021046
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (198K)
See also: News and Views by Wolfe
Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval p722
Karim Nader, Glenn E. Schafe and Joseph E. Le Doux
doi:10.1038/35021052
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (193K)
See also: News and Views by Dudai
Cortex-restricted disruption of NMDAR1 impairs neuronal patterns in the barrel cortex p726
Takuji Iwasato, Akash Datwani, Alexander M. Wolf, Hiroshi Nishiyama, Yusuke Taguchi, Susumu Tonegawa, Thomas Knöpfel, Reha S. Erzurumlu and Shigeyoshi Itohara
doi:10.1038/35021059
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (461K) | Supplementary information
Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells p731
Zhen-Ming Pei, Yoshiyuki Murata, Gregor Benning, Sébastien Thomine, Birgit Klüsener, Gethyn J. Allen, Erwin Grill and Julian I. Schroeder
doi:10.1038/35021067
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (301K)
Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glyoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase p735
John D. McKinney, Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup, Ernesto J. Muñoz-Elías, Andras Miczak, Bing Chen, Wai-Tsing Chan, Dana Swenson, James C. Sacchettini, William R. Jacobs, Jr and David G. Russell
doi:10.1038/35021074
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (236K)
See also: News and Views by Bishai
Progression of autoimmune diabetes driven by avidity maturation of a T-cell population p739
Abdelaziz Amrani, Joan Verdaguer, Pau Serra, Sabrina Tafuro, Rusung Tan and Pere Santamaria
doi:10.1038/35021081
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (403K)
The Syk tyrosine kinase suppresses malignant growth of human breast cancer cells p742
Peter J. P. Coopman, Michael T. H. Do, Mara Barth, Emma T. Bowden, Andrew J. Hayes, Eugenia Basyuk, Jan K. Blancato, Phyllis R. Vezza, Sandra W. McLeskey, Paul H. Mangeat and Susette C. Mueller
doi:10.1038/35021086
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (428K)
Molecular portraits of human breast tumours p747
Charles M. Perou, Therese Sørlie, Michael B. Eisen, Matt van de Rijn, Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Christian A. Rees, Jonathan R. Pollack, Douglas T. Ross, Hilde Johnsen, Lars A. Akslen, Øystein Fluge, Alexander Pergamenschikov, Cheryl Williams, Shirley X. Zhu, Per E. Lønning, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Patrick O. Brown and David Botstein
doi:10.1038/35021093
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (712K) | Supplementary information
Potential for biomolecular imaging with femtosecond X-ray pulses p752
Richard Neutze, Remco Wouts, David van der Spoel, Edgar Weckert and Janos Hajdu
doi:10.1038/35021099
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (449K)
Insight
forewordMicrobial infection & immune defence p759
doi:10.1038/35021201
overview
On the particularity of pathogens p760
In the elemental struggle between pathogenic microbes and the immune system of the host, each strives for a unique advantage and thus each exploits its own unique particularities in pathogenesis and protection. And each presumably selects for the diversity that generally characterizes the wide range of successful host–pathogen interactions.
Barry R. Bloom
doi:10.1038/35021204
review article
Changing patterns of infectious disease p762
Mitchell L. Cohen
doi:10.1038/35021206
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (200K)
Pathogenic strategies of enteric bacteria p768
Michael S. Donnenberg
doi:10.1038/35021212
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (542K)
Molecular mechanisms that confer antibacterial drug resistance p775
Christopher Walsh
doi:10.1038/35021219
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (446K)
Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response p782
Alan Aderem and Richard J. Ulevitch
doi:10.1038/35021228
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (466K)
progress
CD1-restricted T-cell responses and microbial infection p788
Se-Ho Park and Albert Bendelac
doi:10.1038/35021233
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (331K)
Vaccines against intracellular infections requiring cellular immunity p793
Robert A. Seder and Adrian V. S. Hill
doi:10.1038/35021239
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (190K)
Microbial genome sequencing p799
Claire M. Fraser, Jonathan A. Eisen and Steven L. Salzberg
doi:10.1038/35021244
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (271K)
corporate support
Bristol-Myers Squibb and Microbial Disease: Basic Science, Clinical Development, Global Surveillance p804
Peter S. Ringrose, Ph. D.
doi:10.1038/35021250
New on the Market
Screen test p805
High-throughput screening gets put through its paces.
doi:10.1038/35021140
Careers and Recruitment
'Quiet revolution' in chemistry could revive public and private sectors p807
New frontiers in basic chemistry could drive applied science in many fields. But support for basic research seems to be waning, in both academia and industry. Paul Smaglik dons his lab coat.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35021181
European industry turns to the academics to secure its future p809
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35021184
Undergraduate interest in chemistry wanes in Europe p809
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35021189
Emerging fields of basic chemistry in Europe p811
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35021191
Who's who in Europe p811
doi:10.1038/35021193
Mergers and acquisitions rock UK chemical industry infrastructure p812
Helen Gavaghan
doi:10.1038/35021195
US companies seek basic science p812
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/35021198