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Nature 404, 709-710 (13 April 2000) | doi:10.1038/35008165

Open Innovation Challenges

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Perfect use of imperfection

Hansjörg Schild1 & Hans-Georg Rammensee1

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When making proteins, cells opt for high speed at the cost of large amounts of waste. But the waste-recycling process has a happy side effect — it gives the immune system a head start in its battle against viral invaders.

Every production process, be it industrial or cellular, aims at high efficiency. To achieve this end, the management must choose between high output at the cost of high waste, or slow, precision manufacturing with minimal error.

  1. Hansjörg Schild and Hans-Georg Rammensee are in the Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Correspondence to: Hansjörg Schild1 e-mail: Email: hansjoerg.schild@uni-tuebingen.de