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Millennium Essay

Nature 403, 597 (10 February 2000) | doi:10.1038/35001159

Laying down the law

Vaclav Smil1

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Every living thing obeys the rules of scaling discovered by Max Kleiber.

By the early 1930s, physics was a mature science abounding in universally applicable laws. In comparison, organismic biology was overwhelmingly descriptive and lacked quantitative expressions that could apply to a broad range of animals or plants.