Opinion

Dangers of over-dependence on peer-reviewed publication p387

A number of independent trends are increasing the significance of journals' roles in providing high-quality information. Other sources need to be strengthened.

doi:10.1038/44408

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News

Venter's Drosophila 'success' set to boost human genome efforts p729

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/44410

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Wellcome funds cancer database p729

David Dickson

doi:10.1038/44413

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Journal under attack over controversial paper on GM food p731

Natasha Loder

doi:10.1038/44416

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Japanese guidelines specify the terms of gene patents p731

Asako Saegusa

doi:10.1038/44418

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Research chair bonanza in Canada p731

David Spurgeon

doi:10.1038/44420

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US university fears allayed over access to research data p732

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/44422

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French students continue to turn away from science p732

Heather McCabe

doi:10.1038/44424

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PNAS joins peer-reviewed PubMed Central p733

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/44427

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Funding changes aim to reform German universities p733

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/44430

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Genetic variations can point the way to disease genes p734

Natasha Loder

doi:10.1038/44432

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NASA plans to map stars and hunt gamma-ray bursts ... p734

Tony Reichhardt

doi:10.1038/44434

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...and Europe to measure the Earth's gravity p734

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/44436

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News Analysis

US Senate ignores scientific advice in failing to ratify test ban treaty p735

Researchers presented data that supports signing the test ban treaty, but they found that most politicians had already made up their minds.

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/44439

Full Text | PDF (37K)

News in brief p736

doi:10.1038/44442

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Correspondence

Millions at risk as big cities grow apace in earthquake zones p738

Roger Bilham

doi:10.1038/44445

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Where are the high-tech entrepreneurs? p738

Alexander Olek

doi:10.1038/44447

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The birth of Big Biology p738

Alvin M. Weinberg

doi:10.1038/44449

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Corot would put more planets in the picture p738

Annie Baglin

doi:10.1038/44451

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Commentary

What is a wave? p739

Most people assume that a wave, being central to all the phenomena we observe, has a uniform definition. But defining this basic concept isn't so easy.

doi:10.1038/44453

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Book Reviews

Giants' footprints in the greenhouse p741

The seeds of our understanding of global warming were sown by early heroes.

Robert J. Charlson reviews Greenhouse: The 200-Year Story of Global Warming by Gale E. Christianson and Historical Perspectives on Climate Change by James Rodger Fleming

doi:10.1038/44456

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Planting the evidence p742

Christopher M. Berry reviews A Rum Affair: How Botany's 'Piltdown Man' was Unmasked by Karl Sabbagh

doi:10.1038/44459

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Confessions of a modern roué p743

Walter Gratzer reviews Nazis, Women and Molecular Biology: Memoirs of a Lucky Self-Hater by Gunther S. Stent

doi:10.1038/44462

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New in paperback p743

doi:10.1038/44464

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Science in culture p744

Martin Kemp reviews

doi:10.1038/44466

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Millennium Essay

Spark ignites physicists p745

Hertz's work on electromagnetism started as many arguments as it settled.

Dominique Pestre

doi:10.1038/44468

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News and Views

Life on the road p747

As nerve axons migrate during wiring of the nervous system, molecular signposts at intermediate targets show them the way. Such a target has now bee n found to keep axons alive — provided they're on the right track.

John G. Flanagan

doi:10.1038/44471

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100 and 50 years ago p748

doi:10.1038/44474

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Protein crystallography: Frozen in time p748

Christopher Surridge

doi:10.1038/44476

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Chemical physics: Molecules are cool p749

John M. Doyle and Bretislav Friedrich

doi:10.1038/44479

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Pharmacology: Towards better benzodiazepines p751

William Wisden and David N. Stephens

doi:10.1038/44482

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Carbon cycle: The blast in the past p752

Gerald R. Dickens

doi:10.1038/44486

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Immunology: Toll gates for pathogen selection p755

Richard J. Ulevitch

doi:10.1038/44490

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Earth science: Mercurial vents p755

John Whitfield

doi:10.1038/44492

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Fluid dynamics: Order in chaos p756

Hassan Aref

doi:10.1038/44495

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Zoology: Lickety split p756

Elizabeth Brainerd

doi:10.1038/44498

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Space biology: Life without gravity p758

Richard J. Wassersug

doi:10.1038/44502

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HIV: See a pocket, block it p759

John P. Moore and Tatjana Dragic

doi:10.1038/44504

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Computational neuroscience: Think positive to find parts p759

Bartlett W. Mel

doi:10.1038/44507

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Daedalus: Setting and upsetting p760

David Jones

doi:10.1038/44509

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erratum p760

doi:10.1038/44634

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Brief Communications

Hox genes and the making of sphincters p761

Hoxd genes are needed for the formation of sphincters to subdivide the developing gut.

József Zákány and Denis Duboule

doi:10.1038/44511

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (185K)

Evolution: Dicyemids are higher animals p762

Mari Kobayashi, Hidetaka Furuya and Peter W.H. Holland

doi:10.1038/44513

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (182K) | Supplementary information

Insect behaviour: Male beetles attracted by females mounting p762

Ally R. Harari and H. Jane Brockmann

doi:10.1038/44515

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (182K)

Environmental toxins: Exposure to bisphenol A advances puberty p763

Kembra L. Howdeshell, Andrew K. Hotchkiss, Kristina A. Thayer, John G. Vandenbergh and Frederick S. vom Saal

doi:10.1038/44517

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (133K)

Global warming: Solar variability and the Earth's climate p764

Martin I. Hoffert, Ken Caldeira, Curt Covey, Philip B. Duffy and Benjamin D. Santer

doi:10.1038/44519

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (85K)

Article

En passant neurotrophic action of an intermediate axonal target in the developing mammalian CNS p765

Hao Wang and Marc Tessier-Lavigne

doi:10.1038/44521

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (310K)

See also: News and Views by Flanagan

Letters to Nature

Persistent patterns in transient chaotic fluid mixing p770

D. Rothstein, E. Henry and J. P. Gollub

doi:10.1038/44529

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (235K)

See also: News and Views by Aref

Sonoluminescence temperatures during multi-bubble cavitation p772

William B. McNamara, III, Yuri T. Didenko and Kenneth S. Suslick

doi:10.1038/44536

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (194K)

Carbon cycling and chronology of climate warming during the Palaeocene/Eocene transition p775

Richard D Norris and Ursula Röhl

doi:10.1038/44545

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (149K)

See also: News and Views by Dickens

Onset of permanent stratification in the subarctic Pacific Ocean p779

Gerald H. Haug, Daniel M. Sigman, Ralf Tiedemann, Thomas F. Pedersen and Michael Sarnthein

doi:10.1038/44550

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (325K)

The formation of Mount Etna as the consequence of slab rollback p782

Zohar Gvirtzman and Amos Nur

doi:10.1038/44555

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (202K)

Decline in Mesozoic reef-building sponges explained by silicon limitation p785

Manuel Maldonado, M. Carmen Carmona, María J. Uriz and Antonio Cruzado

doi:10.1038/44560

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (257K)

Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization p788

Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung

doi:10.1038/44565

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (162K)

See also: News and Views by Mel

Distributed synaptic modification in neural networks induced by patterned stimulation p792

Guo-qiang Bi and Mu-ming Poo

doi:10.1038/44573

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (498K) | Supplementary information

Benzodiazepine actions mediated by specific -aminobutyric acid_A receptor subtypes p796

Uwe Rudolph, Florence Crestani, Dietmar Benke, Ina Brünig, Jack A. Benson, Jean-Marc Fritschy, James R. Martin, Horst Bluethmann and Hanns Möhler

doi:10.1038/44579

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (239K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Wisden & Stephens

P/Q-type calcium channels mediate the activity-dependent feedback of syntaxin-1A p800

Kathy G. Sutton, John E. McRory, Heather Guthrie, Timothy H. Murphy and Terrance P. Snutch

doi:10.1038/44586

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (205K)

Extraintestinal dissemination of Salmonella by CD18-expressing phagocytes p804

Andrés Vazquez-Torres, Jessica Jones-Carson, Andreas J. Bäumler, Stanley Falkow, Raphael Valdivia, William Brown, Mysan Le, Ruth Berggren, W. Tony Parks and Ferric C. Fang

doi:10.1038/44593

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (346K)

Integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif is required for outside-in IIb3 signalling and platelet function p808

Debbie A. Law, Francis R. DeGuzman, Patrick Heiser, Kathleen Ministri-Madrid, Nigel Killeen and David R. Phillips

doi:10.1038/44599

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (210K)

The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens p811

David M. Underhill, Adrian Ozinsky, Adeline M. Hajjar, Anne Stevens, Christopher B. Wilson, Michael Bassetti and Alan Aderem

doi:10.1038/44605

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (272K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Ulevitch

Accumulation of cyclin B1 requires E2F and cyclin-A-dependent rearrangement of the anaphase-promoting complex p815

Claudia Lukas, Claus Storgaard Sørensen, Edgar Kramer, Eric Santoni-Rugiu, Claes Lindeneg, Jan-Michael Peters, Jiri Bartek and Jiri Lukas

doi:10.1038/44611

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (188K)

NMR structure and mutagenesis of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein XIAP p818

Chaohong Sun, Mengli Cai, Angelo H. Gunasekera, Robert P. Meadows, Hong Wang, Jun Chen, Haichao Zhang, Wei Wu, Nan Xu, Shi-Chung Ng and Stephen W. Fesik

doi:10.1038/44617

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (405K)

High-resolution X-ray structure of an early intermediate in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle p822

Karl Edman, Peter Nollert, Antoine Royant, Hassan Belrhali, Eva Pebay-Peyroula, Janos Hajdu, Richard Neutze and Ehud M. Landau

doi:10.1038/44623

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (362K)

See also: News and Views by Surridge

New on the Market

Touching a nerve p827

Antibodies feature strongly in a selection aimed at neuroscientists.

doi:10.1038/44632

Full Text | PDF (233K)