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Scientific Correspondence

Nature 392, 237-238 (19 March 1998) | doi:10.1038/32558

Tight knot values deviate from linear relations

Jason Cantarella1, Robert B. Kusner2 & John M. Sullivan3

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Applications of knots to the study of polymers have emphasized geometric measures on curves such as 'energy'1, 2, 3, 4 and 'rope length'5, 6, 7, which, when minimized over different configurations of a knot, give computable knot invariants related to physical quantities8. In DNA knots, electrophoretic mobility appears to be correlated with the average crossing number of rope-length-minimizing configurations9, and a roughly linear empirical relation has been observed between the crossing number and rope length10. Here we show that a linear relation cannot hold in general, and we construct infinite families of knots whose rope length grows as the 3/4 power of the crossing number11. It can be shown that no smaller power is possible12, 13, 14.