Nature 383, 313 - 318 (26 September 1996); doi:10.1038/383313a0

Supercritical fluids as solvents for chemical and materials processing

Charles A. Eckert, Barbara L. Knutson & Pablo G. Debenedetti

School of Chemical Engineering and Specialty Separations Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, USA.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, USA.

Fluids near their critical point have dissolving power comparable to that of liquids, are much more compressible than dilute gases, and have transport properties intermediate between gas-and liquid-like. This unusual combination of physical properties can be advantageously exploited in environmentally benign separation and reaction processes, as well as for new kinds of materials processing.

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