Nature 382, 706 - 708 (22 August 1996); doi:10.1038/382706a0

Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones

Gregory M. Erickson^*, Samuel D. Van Kirk^†, Jinntung Su^†, Marc E. Levenston^†, William E. Caler^† & Dennis R. Carter^†

^* Museums of Paleontology and Vertebrate Zoology and the Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 VLSB, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA
^† Biomechanical Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department and Rehabilitation R & D Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-4021, USA

WHETHER tyrannosaurs occupied predatory or scavenging niches has been debated for nearly a century^1–5. Palaeontologists have turned to the study of dental morphology to address this question, but the results have been highly disparate. Some contend that the tyrannosaur dentition was very strong and well suited for engaging and killing herbivorous dinosaurs^6,7. Others posit that tyrannosaurs ate carrion, because their teeth and/or jaws would fail during struggles with prey^2,3. The discovery of skeletal remains with bite marks from Tyrannosaurus rex ⁸makes it possible to estimate, through indentation simulations on bovine ilia, the bite forces produced by T. rexduring feeding. The estimates (6,410 to 13,400 N) rival the largest bite forces determined for any taxon to date and suggest that T. rex had very strong, impact-resistant teeth. Although these data do not prove that T. rex was predominantly predacious, they indicate that its dentition could probably withstand the stresses associated with prey capture.

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