Nature 359, 528 - 531 (08 October 1992); doi:10.1038/359528a0

Marsupial Y chromosome encodes a homologue of the mouse Y-linked candidate spermatogenesis gene Ube1y

Michael J. Mitchell^*, Diane R. Woods^*, Steven A. Wilcox^†, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves^† & Colin E. Bishop^*

^*University of Tennessee, Memphis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Genetics, Molecular Genetics Laboratories, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
^†Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia

THE mammalian subclass Theria consists of infraclasses Meta-theria (marsupials) and Eutheria ('placentals') which diverged from each other 120–150 million years before present¹ (Myr BP). Both infraclasses have Y chromosome-dependent testis determination but direct molecular evidence linking the Metatherian and Eutherian Y chromosomes is lacking. Comparative analyses indicate that three mammalian genes have remained Y-linked for at least 80 Myr, since the divergence of the Eutherian orders from a common ancestor. These are Zfy, a gene encoding a transcription factor of the zinc-finger type²; Sry, the putative primary testis-determining gene³; and Ubely (formerly Sby or Als9Y-l), a candidate for the mouse spermatogenesis gene Spy, encoding a ubiquitin-activating enzyme El homologue^4,5. Although in mar-spials Zfy homologues are autosomal⁶, a Y homologue of Sry has recently been isolated⁷. We report here the identification of a functional marsupial Y-linked homologue of the murine Ube1y gene establishing that Metatherian and Eutherian Y chromosomes diverged from a common ancestor. This extreme conservation indicates that Ube1y plays a critical role in male development.

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