Access

Article

Nature 357, 38-46 (7 May 1992) | doi:10.1038/357038a0; Received 30 December 1991; Accepted 27 March 1992

The complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III

S. G. Oliver1, Q. J. M. van der Aart2, M. L. Agostoni-Carbone3, M. Aigle4, L. Alberghina5, D. Alexandraki6, G. Antoine7, R. Anwar1, J. P. G. Ballesta8, P. Benit7, G. Berben9, E. Bergantino10, N. Biteau4, P. A. Bolle9, M. Bolotin-Fukuhara11, A. Brown1, A. J. P. Brown12, J. M. Buhler13, C. Carcano3, G. Carignani10, H. Cederberg14, R. Chanet7, R. Contreras15, M. Crouzet4, B. Daignan-Fornier11, E. Defoor16, M. Delgado17, J. Demolder15, C. Doira11, E. Dubois18, B. Dujon19, A. Dusterhoft20, D. Erdmann20, M. Esteban17, F. Fabre7, C. Fairhead19, G. Faye7, H. Feldmann21, W. Fiers15, M. C. Francingues-Gaillard11, L. Franco8, L. Frontali22, H. Fukuhara7, L. J. Fuller23, P. Galland6, M. E. Gent1, D. Gigot18, V. Gilliquet9, N. Glansdorff18, A. Goffeau24,37, M. Grenson25, P. Grisanti22, L. A. Grivell26, M. de Haan26, M. Haasemann27, D. Hatat28, J. Hoenicka8, J. Hegemann20, C. J. Herbert29, F. Hilger9, S. Hohmann14, C. P. Hollenberg30, K. Huse14, F. Iborra11, K. J. Indje1, K. Isono31, C. Jacq28, M. Jacquet11, C. M. James1, J. C. Jauniaux25, Y. Jia29, A. Jimenez8, A. Kelly32, U. Kleinhans30, P Kreisl27, G Lanfranchi10, C Lewis23, C. G. vanderLinden33, G Lucchini3, K Lutzenkirchen30, M.J. Maat26, L. Mallet11, G. Mannhaupet21, E. Martegani5, A. Mathieu7, C. T. C. Maurer33, D. McConnell32, R. A. McKee23, F. Messenguy18, H. W. Mewes27, F. Molemans15, M. A. Montague32, M. Muzi Falconi3, L. Navas17, C. S. Newlon34, D. Noone32, C. Pallier11, L. Panzeri3, B. M. Pearson23, J. Perea28, P. Philippsen20, A. Pierard18, R. J. Planta33, P. Plevani3, B. Poetsch27, F. Pohl35, B. Purnelle24, M. Ramezani Rad30, S. W. Rasmussen36, A. Raynal11, M. Remacha8, P. Richterich35, A. B. Roberts12, F. Rodriguez5, E. Sanz8, I. Schaaff-Gerstenschlager14, B. Scherens18, B. Schweitzer20, Y. Shu28, J. Skala24, P. P. Slonimski29, F. Sor7, C. Soustelle11, R. Spiegelberg20, L. I. Stateva1, H. Y. Steensma2, S. Steiner20, A. Thierry19, G. Thireos6, M. Tzermia6, L. A. Urrestarazu25, G. Valle10, I. Vetter21, J. C. van Vliet-Reedijk33, M. Voet16, G. Volckaert16, P. Vreken33, H. Wang32, J. R. Warmington1, D. von Wettstein36, B. L. Wicksteed12, C. Wilson22, H. Wurst35, G. Xu30, A. Yoshikawa31, F. K. Zimmermann14 & J. G. Sgouros27

  1. 1Manchester Biotechnology Centre, UMIST, Manchester M60 1QD, UK;
  2. 2Department of Cell Biology Genetics. Leiden University, The Netherlands;
  3. 3Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei Microrganismi, Universita di Milano, Italy;
  4. 4LBMS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
  5. 5Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Universita di Milano, Italy;
  6. 6lnstituto Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklio,Crete;
  7. 7 lnstitut Curie, Centre Universitaire, F-91405 Orsay, France;
  8. 8Centro de Biologia Molecular, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
  9. 9Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, B-5030 Gembloux. Belgium;
  10. 10Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica. 1-35100 Padova, Italy;
  11. 11Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France;
  12. 12Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, UK;
  13. 13Service de Biochimie CEN Saclay, F-91191. France;
  14. 14Institut für Mikrobiologie, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany;
  15. 15Lab. voor Moleculaire Biologie, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;
  16. 16Katholieke Universiteit Lab. voor Gentechnologie, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
  17. 17La Cruz del Campo S.A., PO Box 53. E-41080 Sevilla, Spain;
  18. 18Research Institute of CERIA-COOVI. B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
  19. 19Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;
  20. 20Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie der Universität, 6300 Giessen, Germany;
  21. 21Institut fur Physiologische Chemie. Universität München, 8000 München, Germany;
  22. 22University of Rome. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology. 1-00185 Roma, Italy;
  23. 23AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney NR4 7UA, UK;
  24. 24Unité de Biochimie Physiologique. Université de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
  25. 25Université Libre de Bruxelles, Lab. Cell Physiology and Yeast Genetics, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;
  26. 26University of Amsterdam, Section for Molecular Biology, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
  27. 27Martinsried Inst. for Protein Sequences, D-8033 Martinsried, Germany;
  28. 28Génétique Moléculaire. École Normale Superieure, F-75005 Paris, France;
  29. 29Centre de Génétique Moleculaire du CNRS, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette. France;
  30. 30Institut für Mikrobiologie der Universität Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf 1, Germany;
  31. 31Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe 657. Japan;
  32. 32Trinity College, Department of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland;
  33. 33Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Vrije Universiteit, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
  34. 34Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, NJ07103, USA;
  35. 35Fakultät für Biologie der Universität, D-7750 Konstanz. Germany;
  36. 36Carlsberg Lab., DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark;
  37. 37Commission of the European Communities. B-1049 Brussels, Belgium
Top

The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. This is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome from any organism. The 315-kilobase sequence reveals 182 open reading frames for proteins longer than 100 amino acids, of which 37 correspond to known genes and 29 more show some similarity to sequences in databases. Of 55 new open reading frames analysed by gene disruption, three are essential genes; of 42 non-essential genes that were tested, 14 show some discernible effect on phenotype and the remaining 28 have no overt function.