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The Russian part of the ex-Soviet scientific enterprise is facing its economic crisis with fortitude. But these are only early days, and there is worse to come.
A combination of biochemistry in animal cell-free systems and genetics in yeast is revealing the molecular machinery of the secretory pathway of eukaryotes. Transporting vesicles have a simple coat structure and employ a general mechanism for fusion that is conserved in evolution.
The Southern Ocean is perhaps the only region where fluctuations in the global influence of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) can be monitored unambiguously in single deep-sea cores. A carbon isotope record from benthic foraminifera in a Southern Ocean core reveals large and rapid changes in the flux of NADW during the last deglaciation, and an abrupt increase in the NADW production rate which immediately preceded large-scale melting of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. This sudden strengthening of the NADW thermoha-line cell provides strong evidence for the importance of NADW in glacial-interglacial climate change.
A new process, antigenization of antibodies, consisting of the expression of oligopeptides in the hypervariable loops of an antibody molecule is described. The potential applications of antigenized antibodies are discussed.
A new chemiluminescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase, a custom monoclonal anti-peptide antibody service and a host of monoclonal antibodies - research tools for the immunologist.
