Nature 326, 48 - 49 (05 March 1987); doi:10.1038/326048a0

Cosmic bubbles as remnants from inflation

Lev A. Kofman^*, Andrei D. Linde^† & Jaan Einasto^*

^*Tartu Astrophysical Observatory 202444, Toravere, Estonia, USSR
^†Lebedev Physical Institute, 117294, Moscow, Leninsky pr. 53, USSR

It is generally assumed that primordial density perturbations necessary for galaxy formation are adiabatic perturbations with a flat (scale-independent) spectrum formed during inflation^1–4. It is not clear, however, whether it is possible to create all types of large-scale structures in the Universe (quasars, galaxies, clusters, superclusters, for example) from one type of perturbation with such a simple spectrum. An alternative approach is based on the theory of cosmic strings^5,6. However, it is difficult to reconcile this approach with the inflationary paradigm⁷. Recently it was shown that inflation may produce not only adiabatic perturbations but also isothermal perturbations^7–10 with the spectra considerably different from the flat spectrum^7,8,10. Moreover, phase transitions which occur at the last stages of inflation may lead to formation of exponentially large bubbles and domains containing matter with different density⁷. Here we demonstrate that such effects may be responsible for the observed foam-like large-scale structure of the Universe¹¹.

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