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Nature 289, 362-366 (29 January 1981) | doi:10.1038/289362a0; Accepted 14 November 1980

The Norse merman as an optical phenomenon

W. H. Lehn* & I. Schroeder

  1. *Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2
  2. 60 Thatcher Drive, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2L3
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Mediaeval Norse writings that describe the merman are considered accurate observations of a natural phenomenon. Images of common sea mammals, severely distorted by strong, non-uniform atmospheric refraction, fit the mediaeval descriptions remarkably well. Three examples are presented: computer-generated images of a killer whale and a walrus, and a photograph of a suitably distended boulder. The mediaeval correlation of a merman sighting with the advent of storms is also verified.