Nature Publishing Group, publisher of Nature, and other science journals and reference works
Nature
my account e-alerts subscribe register
   
Monday 23 November 2009
Journal Home
Current Issue
AOP
Archive
THIS ARTICLE
Download PDF
References
Export citation
Export references
Send to a friend
More articles like this
Table of Contents
< Previous | Next >

Article
Nature 265, 687 - 695 (24 February 1977); doi:10.1038/265687a0

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phiX174 DNA

F. Sanger, G. M. Air*, B. G. Barrell, N. L. Brown†, A. R. Coulson, J. C. Fiddes, C. A. Hutchison III‡, P. M. Slocombe§ & M. Smith

MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
Present addresses : *John Curtin School of Medical Research, Microbiology Department, Canberra City ACT 2601, Australia, †Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK, ‡Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, §Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, 1 Berlin 33, FRG, Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1W5,

A DNA sequence for the genome of bacteriophage phiX174 of approximately 5,375 nucleotides has been determined using the rapid and simple 'plus and minus' method. The sequence identifies many of the features responsible for the production of the proteins of the nine known genes of the organism, including initiation and termination sites for the proteins and RNAs. Two pairs of genes are coded by the same region of DNA using different reading frames.

------------------

References
1. Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. J. molec. Biol. 94, 441–448 (1975).
2. Benbow, R. M., Hutchison, C. A. III, Fabricant, J. D. & Sinsheimer, R. L. J. Virol. 7, 549–558 (1971).
3. Benbow, R. M., Zuccarelli, A. J., Davis, G. C. & Sinshiemer, R. L. J. Virol. 13, 898–907 (1974).
4. Denhardt, D. T. CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 4, 161–222 (1975).
5. Hall, J. B. & Sinsheimer, R. L. J. molec. Biol. 6, 115–127 (1963).
6. Ling, V. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 742–746 (1972).
7. Harbers, B., Delaney, A. D., Harbers, K. & Spencer, J. H. Biochemistry 15, 407–414 (1976).
8. Burton, K. & Petersen, G. B. Biochem. J. 75, 17–27 (1960).
9. Chadwell, H. A. Thesis, University of Cambridge (1974).
10. Sadowski, P. D. & Bakyta, I. J. biol. Chem. 247, 405–412 (1972).
11. Ling, V. FEBS Lett. 19, 50–54 (1971).
12. Ziff, E. B., Sedat, J. W. & Galibert, F. Nature new Biol. 241, 34–37 (1973).
13. Galibert, F., Sedat, J. W. & Ziff, E. B. J. molec. Biol. 87, 377–407 (1974).
14. Robertson, H. D., Barrell, B. G., Weith, H. L. & Donelson, J. E. Nature new Biol. 241, 38–40 (1973).
15. Air, G. M. & Bridgen, J. Nature new Biol. 241, 40–41 (1973).
16. Sanger, F., Donelson, J. E., Coulson, A. R., Kössel, H. & Fischer, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 1209–1213 (1973).
17. Schott, H. Makromolek. Chem. 175, 1683–1693 (1974).
18. Donelson, J. E., Barrell, B. G., Weith, H. L., Kössel, H. & Schott, H. Eur. J. Biochem. 58, 383–395 (1975).
19. Blackburn, E. H. J. molec. Biol. 93, 367–374 (1975).
20. Blackburn, E. H. J. molec. Biol. 107, 417–432 (1976).
21. Sedat, J. W., Ziff, E. B. & Galibert, F. J. molec. Biol. 107, 391–416 (1976).
22. Air, G. M. J. molec. Biol. 107, 433–444 (1976).
23. Air, G. M. et al. J. molec. Biol. 107, 445–458 (1976).
24. Air, G. M., Blackburn, E. H., Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. J. molec. Biol. 96, 703–719 (1975).
25. Lee, A. S. & Sinsheimer, R. L. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 2882–2886 (1974).
26. Hayashi, M. N. & Hayashi, M. J. Virol. 14, 1142–1152 (1974).
27. Vereijken, J. M., van Mansfeld, A. D. M., Baas, P. D. & Jansz, H. S. Virology 68, 221–233 (1975).
28. Jeppesen, P. G. N., Sanders, L. & Slocombe, P. M. Nucl. Acids Res. 3, 1323–1339 (1976).
29. Sato, S., Hutchison, C. A. III & Harris, J. I. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in the press).
30. Brown, N. L. & Smith, M. FEBS Lett. 65, 284–287 (1976).
31. Fiddes, J. C. J. molec. Biol. 107, 1–24 (1976).
32. Air, G. M., Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. J. molec. Biol. 108, 519–533 (1976).
33. Barrell, B. G., Air, G. M. & Hutchison, C. A. III Nature 264, 34–41 (1976).
34. Smith, L. H. & Sinsheimer, R. L. J. molec. Biol. 103, 699–735 (1976).
35. Grohmann, K., Smith, L. H. & Sinsheimer, R. L. Biochemistry 14, 1951–1955 (1975).
36. Axelrod, N. J. molec. Biol. 108, 753–779 (1976).
37. Hayashi, M., Fujimura, F. K. & Hayashi, M. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 3519–3523 (1976).
38. Pribnow, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 784–788 (1975).
39. Rosenberg, M., de Crombrugghe, B. & Musso, R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 717–721 (1976).
40. Bertrand, K. et al. Science 189, 22–26 (1975).
41. Sugimoto, K., Sugisaki, H., Okamoto, T. & Takanami, M. J. molec. Biol. (in the press).
42. Shine, J. & Dalgarno, L. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 1342–1346 (1974).
43. Steitz, J. A. & Jakes, K. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4734–4738 (1975).
44. Henry, T. J. & Knippers, R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 1549–1553 (1974).
45. Linney, E. & Hayashi, M. Nature 249, 345–348 (1974).
46. Baas, P. D., Jansz, H. S. & Sinsheimer, R. L. J. molec. Biol. 102, 633–656 (1976).
47. Eisenberg, S., Harbers, B., Hours, C. & Denhardt, D. T. J. molec. Biol. 99, 107–123 (1975).
48. Subramanian, K. N., Dhar, R. & Weissman, S. M. J. biol. Chem. (in the press).
49. Ravetch, J. V., Model, P. & Robertson, H. D. Nature 265, 698–702 (1977).
50. Smith, M. et al. (submitted to Nature).
51. Funk, F. & Sinsheimer, R. L. J. Virol. 6, 12–19 (1970).
52. Baas, P. D., van Heusden, G. P. H., Vereijken, J. M., Weisbeek, P. J. & Jansz, H. S. Nucl. Acids Res. 3, 1947–1960 (1976).
53. Platt, T. & Yanofsky, C. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 2399–2403 (1975).
54. Weisbeek, P. J., Vereijken, J. M., Baas, P. D., Jansz, H. S. & Van Arkel, G. A. Virology 72, 61–71 (1976).
55. Jazwinski, S. M., Lindberg, A. A. & Kornberg, A. Virology 66, 283–293 (1975).
56. Kornberg, A. DNA Synthesis (W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1974).
57. Chen, C. Y., Hutchison, C. A. III & Edgell, M. H. Nature new Biol. 243 233–236 (1973).
58. van Mansfeld, A. D. M., Vereijken, J. M. & Jansz, H. S. Nucl. Acids Res. 3, 2827–2843 (1976).


© 1977 Nature Publishing Group
Privacy Policy