Nature 264, 34 - 41 (04 November 1976); doi:10.1038/264034a0

Overlapping genes in bacteriophage X174

B. G. Barrell, G. M. Air & C. A. Hutchison III^*

MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
^*Present address: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514

Bacteriophage X174 genes D and E are translated from the same DNA sequence but in different reading frames.

References

1.	Sanger, F., and Coulson, A. R., J. molec. Biol., 94, 441–448 (1975).
2.	Lee, A. S., and Sinsheimer, R. L., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 71, 2882–2886 (1974).
3.	Jeppesen, P. G. N., Sanders, L., and Slocombe, P. M., Nucleic Acids Res., 3, 1323–1339 (1976).
4.	Benbow, R. M., Mayol, R. F., Picchi, J. C., and Sinsheimer, R. L., J. Virol., 10, 99–114 (1972).
5.	Burgess, A. B. thesis, Harvard Univ. (1969).
6.	Farber, M. B., J. Virol., 17, 1027–1037 (1976).
7.	Hayashi, M. N., and Hayashi, M., J. Virol., 14, 1142–1151 (1974).
8.	Brown, N. L., and Smith, M., FEBS Lett., 65, 284–287 (1976).
9.	Sanger, F., Donelson, J. E., Coulson, A. R., Kössel, H., and Fischer, D., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 70, 1209–1213 (1973).
10.	Donelson, J. E., Barrell, B. G., Weith, H. L., Kössel, H., and Schott, H., Eur. J. Biochem., 58, 383–395 (1975).
11.	Maniatis, T., Jeffrey, A., and Kleid, D. G., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 1184–1188 (1975).
12.	Chen, C. Y., Hutchison, C. A. III, and Edgell, M. H., Nature new Biol., 243, 233–236 (1973).
13.	Smith, L. H., and Sinsheimer, R. L., J. molec. Biol., 103, 711–735 (1976).
14.	Platt, T., and Yanofsky, C., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 2399–2408 (1975).
15.	Weisbeek, P. J., Vereijken, J. M., Baas, P. D., Jansz, H. S., and van Arkel, G. A., Virology, 72, 61–71 (1976).
16.	Hutchison, C. A. III, and Edgell, M. H., J. Virol., 8, 181–189 (1971).
17.	Tessman, I., Poddar, R. K., and Kumar, S., J. molec. Biol., 9, 352–363 (1964).
18.	Vanderbilt, A. S., and Tessman, I., Genetics, 66, 1–10 (1970).
19.	Zuccarelli, A. J., Benbow, R. M., and Sinsheimer, R. L., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 69, 1905–1910 (1972).
20.	Shine, J., and Dalgarno, L., Eur. J. Biochem., 57, 221–230 (1975).
21.	Steitz, J. A., and Jakes, K., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 4734–4738 (1975).
22.	Burgess, A. B., and Denhardt, D. T., J. molec. Biol., 44, 377–386 (1969).
23.	Devillers-Thiery, A., Kindt, T., Scheele, G., and Blobel, G., Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72, 5016–5020 (1975).
24.	Burstein, Y., and Schechter, I., Biochem. J., 157, 145–151 (1976).
25.	Chou, P. Y., and Fasman, G. D., Biochemistry, 13, 222–245 (1974).
26.	Air, G. M., Blackburn, E. H., Sanger, F., and Coulson, A. R., J. molec. Biol., 96, 703–719 (1975).
27.	Air, G. M., Blackburn, E. H., Coulson, A. R., Galibert, F., Sanger, F., Sedat, J., and Ziff, E. B., J. molec. Biol. (in the press).
28.	Borras, M.-T., Vanderbilt, A. S., and Tessman, E. S., Virology, 45, 802–803 (1971).
29.	Linney, E. A., Hayashi, M. N., and Hayashi, M., Virology, 50, 381–387 (1972).
30.	Godson, G. N., J. molec. Biol., 77, 467–477 (1973).
31.	Siden, E. J., and Hayashi, M., J. molec. Biol., 89, 1–16 (1974).
32.	Tessman, I., Tessman, E. S., Pollock, T. J., Borras, M.-T., Puga, A., and Baker, R., J. molec. Biol. 103, 583–598 (1976).
33.	Van der Mei, D., Zandberg, J., and Jansz, H. S., Biochim. biophys. Acta, 287, 312–321 (1972).
34.	Air, G. M., J. molec. Biol. (in the press).
35.	Air, G. M., Sanger, F., and Coulson, A. R., J. molec. Biol. (in the press).