Nature Publishing Group, publisher of Nature, and other science journals and reference works
Nature
my account e-alerts subscribe register
   
Saturday 11 July 2009
Journal Home
Current Issue
AOP
Archive
Download PDF
References
Export citation
Export references
Send to a friend
More articles like this

Article
Nature 244, 259 - 262 (03 August 1973); doi:10.1038/244259a0

Ancient Linkage Groups and Frozen Accidents

SUSUMU OHNO

Department of Biology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010

Evidence is presented that the genetic differences between man and the other mammals are extremely small. This supports the concept that natural selection conserves the status quo. The idea of evolution viewed as a succession of "frozen accidents" is discussed, taking as an example the remarkable similarity of the X-linkage group in all mammals both placental and marsupial.

------------------

References
1. Ohno, S., Becak, W., and Becak, M. L., Chromosoma, 15, 14 (1964).
2. Ohno, S., Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Genes (edit. by Labhart, A., Mann, T., and Samuels, L. T.), Monographs on Endocrinology, 1 (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1967).
3. Ohno, S., A. Rev. Genet., 3, 495 (1969).
4. Ohno, S., Wolf, U., and Atkin, N. B., Hereditas, 59, 169 (1968).
5. Ohno, S., Evolution by Gene Duplication (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1970).
6. Ohno, S., in Perspectives in Cytogenetics, The Next Decade (edit. by Wright, S. W., Crandall, B. F., and Boyer, L.), 37 (Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1972).
7. Morris, D., The Naked Ape (The Trinity Press, London, 1967).
8. Haldane, J. B. S., J. Genet., 55, 511 (1957).
9. Harris, H., Proc. R. Soc., B, 164, 298 (1966).
10. Kimura, M., and Ohta, T., Nature, 229, 467 (1971).
11. Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure (edit. by Dayhoff, M. O.), National Biomedical Research Foundation (Silver Springs, Maryland, 1972).
12. Goodman, M., Barnabas, J., Matsuda, G., and Moore, G. W., Nature, 233, 604 (1971).
13. Crick, F. H. C., J. Molec. Biol., 38, 367 (1968).
14. Lyon, M. F., Nature, 190, 372 (1961).
15. Caspersson, T., Zech, L., Modest, E. J., Foley, G. E., Wagh, U., and Simonsson, E., Exp. Cell Res., 58, 128 (1969).
16. Proc. Paris Conf., Standardization in Human Cytogenetics (1972).
17. Pearson, P., in Modern Aspects of Cytogenetics: Constitutive Heterochromatin in Man (Hoechst Symposium Proceedings, in the press).
18. Deys, B. F., thesis, Aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden (1972).
19. Kimura, M., Nature, 217, 624 (1968).
20. Ohno, S., Nature, 234, 134 (1971).
21. Crick, F., Nature, 234, 25 (1971).
22. Zinkham, W. H., and Isensee, H., Science, N. Y., 164, 185 (1969).
23. Becak, M. L., Becak, W., and Rabello, M. N., Chromosoma, 19, 188 (1966).
24. Matthey, R., Mammalian Chromosomes Newsletter, 9, 17 (1968).
25. Comings, D. E., Nature, 238, 455 (1972).
26. Ruddle, F. H., Chapman, V. M., Chen, T. R., and Klebe, R. J., Nature, 227, 251 (1970).
27. van Someren, H., Meera Khan, P., Westerveld, A., and Bootsma, D., Nature (in the press).
28. Price, P. M., Conover, J. H., and Hirschhorn, K., Nature, 237, 340 (1972).
29. Nance, W. E., Conneally, M., Kang, K., Reed, T., Schroder, J., and Rose, S., Am. J. hum. Genet., 22, 453 (1970).
30. Trujillo, J. M., Walden, B., O'Neil, P., and Anstall, H. B., Science, N. Y., 148, 1603 (1965).
31. Mathai, C. K., Ohno, S., and Beutler, E., Nature, 210, 115 (1966).
32. Ohno, S., Poole, J., and Gustavasson, I., Science, N. Y., 150, 1737 (1965).
33. Epstein, C. J., Science, N. Y., 163, 1078 (1969).
34. Richardson, B. J., Czuppon, A. B., and Sharman, G. B., Nature new Biol., 230, 154 (1971).
35. Cooper, D. W., VandeBerg, J. L., Sharman, G. B., and Poole, W. E., Nature new Biol., 230, 155 (1971).
36. Lyon, J. B., Biochem. Genet., 4, 169 (1970).
37. Graham, J. B., Buckwalter, J. A., Hartley, L. J., and Brinkhaus, K. M., J. exp. Med., 90, 97 (1947).
38. Mustard, J. F., Roswell, H. C., Robinson, G. A., Hoeksema, T. D., and Downie, H. G., Br. J. Haemat., 6, 259 (1960).
39. Gavin, J., Noades, J., Tippett, P., Sanger, R., and Race, R. R., Nature, 204, 1322 (1964).
40. Drieux, H., Priouzeau, M., Thiery, G., and Priouzeau, M. L., Recl Mèd. Vét. EC. Alfort, 126, 385 (1950).



© 1973 Nature Publishing Group
Privacy Policy