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Letters to Nature
Nature 232, 255 - 257 (23 July 1971); doi:10.1038/232255a0

Interactive Computer Display for the Three Dimensional Study of Macromolecular Structures

EDGAR F. MEYER JUN.

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843

THE application of real-time, three dimensional computer graphics to molecular structure studies has been limited so far to rather expensive, dedicated computer display devices1,2 or to fairly simple structures. The frequently used display device has been a black-and-white cathode ray tube3 with a split image or rotating image. This communication discusses the application of a colour television monitor to macromolecular modelling. Even with a small, 4,096 word laboratory computer driving the graphics display, it is now possible to view three dimensional models of large portions of macromolecular structures determined by X-ray diffraction studies. I am now assembling a library of protein structures for three dimensional display in conjunction with the Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, for educational and research purposes.

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References
1. Levinthal, C., Sci. Amer., 42 (June 1966).
2. Levinthal, C., Barry, C. D., Ward, S. A., and Zwick, M., in Emerging Concepts in Computer Graphics (edit. by Nievergelt, J., and Secrest, D.) (Benjamin, New York, 1968).
3. Barry, C. D., Ellis, R. A., Graesser, S., and Marshall, G. R., in Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics (edit. by Faiman, M., and Nievergelt, J.) (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1969).
4. Hirst, D. V., A Programmer's Guide for the Brookhaven Raster Display (BRAD), BCDT-PR-01-0, Bubble Chamber Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory (1968).
5. Ophir, D., Shepherd, B. J., and Spinrad, R. J., Communications of the ACM, 12, No. 6, 309 (1969).
6. Ophir, D., and Shepherd, B. J., Nuclear Instrumentation and Methods, 62, 285 (1968).
7. Meyer, E., J. Appl. Cryst., 3, 392 (1970).
8. Kennard, O., and Watson, D. G., Molecular Structures and Dimensions (N. V. A. Oesthoek's Uitgevers Mij, Utrecht, 1970).
9. Meyer, E. F., J. Chem. Soc., 10, 85 (1970).
10. Watson, H. C., Progress in Stereo Chemistry (edit. by Aylett, B. J., and Harris, M. M.), 4, 229 (Butterworth, London, 1969).



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