Abstract
Hoyle and Narlikar1 (HN) have developed a particle (rather than a field) theory of gravitation. This is based on Mach's principle such that the mass ma of the particle a arises from all other particles of the universe. The mass function at a general point x due to a is defined as 
where λ is a coupling constant and G̃ (X,A) a symmetric scalar Green's function which satisfies a simple wave equation. The mass ma of the particle a is given by 
and thus depends on position. The physical significance of the mass field is that m(a) (x) is the inertia contributed by the particle a to another at the point x. The inertial mass of a particle is equal to the inertia contributed to it by all the other particles. Particle equations closely related to Einstein's field equations then arise from the variation of 
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References
Hoyle, F., and Narlikar, J. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., A,282, 191 (1964).
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MCINTOSH, C. A Generalized Hoyle–Narlikar Particle Theory. Nature 226, 339–340 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1038/226339a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/226339a0
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