Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

History of Cole (Brassica sp.)

Nature volume 176, pages 48–51 (1955)Cite this article

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. “Agricultural Statistics”.

  2. Smith, John, “Dictionary of Economic Plants” (1882), p. 73, citing Pleachey, Dr., “Herbal” (1706). Raven, C. E., “English Naturalists from Neckam to Ray” (1947), p. 75, citing Turner, “Herbal”, p. G.ii.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Smith, John, ibid., p. 74.

  4. Pliny, “Nat. Hist.”, 18, c. xii.

  5. Columella IIx. Palladius, liber VIII, II.

  6. Ernle, “English Farming Past and Present”, p. 100 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lindemans, Paul, “Geschiedenis van de Landbouw in België”, 2, 269 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Darby, H. C., “The Draining of the Fens”, pp. 62, 54 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Duke of Bedford, “A Great Agricultural Estate”, p. 47 (1897).

  10. Ann. Agric., 43, 126 (1805).

  11. Blith, Walter, “English Improver Improved”, 3rd ed., pp. 253–254 (1652). This advice was repeated almost verbatim by Worlidge, “Systema Agriculture”, p. 42 (1666), especially about the seed.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Darby, op. cit., pp. 77, 84.

  13. Ibid., pp. 87, 93. Willan, T. S., “The English Coasting Trade, 1600–1750”, App. 2, p. 207 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Letter from Coleman, Dr. D. C., December 21, 1954, cf. Ernle, op. cit., p. 136.

  15. Letter from Brooks, F. T., University of Hull, December 21, 1954.

  16. Information supplied by Huth, Felix, County Archivist, Maidstone, Kent.

  17. Mortimer, J., “The Whole Art of Husbandry”, pp. 155–157 (1716). Anon, “Dictionarium Rustieum”, art. coleseed (1716). Laurence, John, “A New System of Agric.”, pp. 112, 113 (1726).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ellis, William, “The Modern Husbandman”, 3, pp. 29–39 (1750). “Elis' Husbandry Abridged Methodiz'd”, 1, p. 481 (1772).

    Google Scholar 

  19. ( Hale, Thomas ), “Compleat Body of Husbandry”, pp. 502–511 (1756).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mordant, John, “The Complete Steward”, p. 296 (1761).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kent, Nathaniel, “Hints to Gentlemen of Landed Property”, p. 145 (1776). Adam, James, “Practical Essays of Agriculture”, 1, pp. 505–513 (1789). Society of Gentlemen, “The Complete Farmer” (1766). art. Cole or Rape, cf. ( Henry, David ), “The Complete English Farmer”, p. 359 (1771).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Forsyth, Robert, “The Principles and Practice of Agriculture”, 2, pp. 308–309 (1804). Ringsted, Josiah, “The Farmer” 2nd ed., pp. 22, 23 (c. 1800).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cited in Adam, James, op. cit., pp. 518, 520.

  24. Young, Arthur, “General View of…Essex”, 2, pp. 27–30 (1807).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rudge, Thomas, “General View of…Gloucester”, p. 154 (1807). Vancouver, Charles, “Hampshire”, p. 182 (1813). Boys, John, “Kent”, p. 93 (1796). Pitt, W., “Stafford”, p. 56 (1796); here it was restricted by many leases, ibid., p. 71 (1808). Young, Arthur, “Lincoln”, pp. 95, 134 (1799). Young, A., “Suffolk”, pp. 74, 75 (1797). Tuke, John, “N.R. Yorkshire”, p. 131 (1800). Marshall, William, “Rural Econ. of Yorkshire”, 2, p. 29 (1788).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sinclair, Sir John, “Code of Agriculture”, pp. 26, 27 (1817).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Carr, J. Stanley, “Rural Economy of Schleswig Holstein and Lauenburg”, J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Eng., pp. 373, 374 (1840); “On the Rural Economy Abroad”, ibid., p. 125.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rham, Rev W. L., “On the Agriculture of the Netherlands”, pt. II, J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Eng., pp. 251, 253 (1942). Rham here quotes extensively from his “Outlines of Flemish Husbandry”, included in “British Husbandry”, 3 (1840). cf. Morton, John C., “Cyclopædia of Agriculture”, Arts. Oilcake and Flemish Husbandry (1856).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Loudon, J. C., “An Encyclopædia of Agriculture”, 2nd ed., pp. 931–933 (1831).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Baxter's, “Library of Agricultural…Knowledge”, 3rd ed., pp. 542 543 (1836). cf. “British Husbandry”, pp. 249, 250, 312, 313 (1837)

    Google Scholar 

  31. e.g. Hannam, John, “On the Use and Application of Rape Dust”, J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Eng. (1843). Pusey, Ph., “On the Agriculture of Lincolnshire”, ibid.; “On the Use of Rape Seed as Feed for Stock”, ibid. (1849). Charnock, J. H., “On the Advantage of using a proportion of Rape as a Feed for Stock”, ibid. (1850). Clarke, J. H., “On the Farming of Lincolnshire”, ibid. (1851).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Anon., “The Gardener's and Farmer's Reason Why”, pp. 84–88 (1860). Morton, J. C., “Handbook of Farm Labour”, p. 126 (1868). Ward, and Lock's, “Book of Farm Management and Country Life” (1880). Burn, R. Scott, “Outlines of Modern Farming”, Pt. 1, pp. 188–189 (1888). Webb, Henry J., “Advanced Agriculture”, pp. 175, 315, 327, 345 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fream's, “Elements of Agriculture”, ed. by Davis, G. R. Ainsworth, 9th ed., p. 182 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mitchell, C. Ainsworth, “Oils”, p. 15 (1916?). “Encyclo. Brit.” (1946). Thorpe's, “Dictionary of Applied Chemistry” (1949). The Commonwealth Economic Council, “Vegetable Oils”; and information supplied by I.C.I.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. G. E. FUSSELL
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

FUSSELL, G. History of Cole (Brassica sp.). Nature 176, 48–51 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1038/176048a0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/176048a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing