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This focus issue highlights advances in the isolation of cancer biomarkers in blood and in diagnostic or imaging probes for the early detection of cancer.
The cover illustrates a lipid-based nanoprobe for the isolation of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (Article; News & Views).
The clinical utility of diagnostic markers extracted from liquid biopsies from cancer patients is hampered by knowledge gaps in biological understanding but can be aided by technological developments.
A fluorescent peptide that blocks the dimerization of a protein associated with the Epstein–Barr virus enables the imaging and growth inhibition of tumours attributed to the pathogen.
Functionalized quantum dots emitting short-wavelength infrared light enable small-animal imaging with deep penetration, high spatial resolution and fast acquisition speeds.
A rapid, inexpensive and ultrasensitive assay that uses antibody-conjugated nanoparticle probes on the surface of a sensor chip quantifies tumour-derived extracellular vesicles to detect pancreatic cancer from 1 μl of blood plasma.
A carbon nanotube sensor enables real-time optical quantification of hybridization events of microRNA and other oligonucleotides in vivo and in whole urine and serum.
A peptide-based fluorescent inhibitor of the dimerization of an oncoprotein of the Epstein–Barr virus blocks the proliferation of tumours associated with the virus in mice.
An optimized nanosensor with tumour-penetrating ligands and with peptide substrates that lead to maximal tumour-specific protease cleavage detects sub-5 mm lesions in human epithelial tumour xenografts and in an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer.
Functionalized InAs quantum dots emitting in the short-wavelength infrared spectral region enable functional biomedical imaging at unprecedentedly high spatial resolution, deep penetration and fast acquisition speeds.
A macromolecular near-infrared probe that successively responds to tumour acidity and hypoxia while amplifying detection sensitivity via signal propagation detects metastatic tumour nodules as small as 1 mm in mice.
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles can be efficiently isolated in about 15 minutes, for downstream analyses of nucleic acids and proteins, via spontaneous labelling through a lipid nanoprobe and subsequent magnetic capture of the labelled vesicles.