FIGURE 1 

¹H NMR spectral profile of diabetic kidney disease. (A) The SOM of 613 2 ¹H NMR spectra of serum, colored according to the percentage estimate of DKD within a given map region. Each hexagonal map unit defines a specific model spectrum and a corresponding subset of patients, the spectra of which best match the aforementioned model. (B) The low molecular weight metabolites (LMWM) model spectrum and (C) the lipoprotein lipid and albumin (LIPO) model spectrum for a patient subset within the map unit with the lowest percentage of DKD. The colored curve segments indicate the current model, whereas the solid black curve indicates the mean spectrum over all data, thus serving as a constant reference. The colored areas below the model spectra represent the proportional differences of the unit-specific model and the mean model. (D) The LIPO model and (E) the LMWM model spectrum for patients within a map unit of the highest DKD percentage. An interactive presentation of the model spectra is available in Supplementary data 3.