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Evaluating historical candidate genes for schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry volume 20, pages 555–562 (2015)Cite this article

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Abstract

Prior to the genome-wide association era, candidate gene studies were a major approach in schizophrenia genetics. In this invited review, we consider the current status of 25 historical candidate genes for schizophrenia (for example, COMT, DISC1, DTNBP1 and NRG1). The initial study for 24 of these genes explicitly evaluated common variant hypotheses about schizophrenia. Our evaluation included a meta-analysis of the candidate gene literature, incorporation of the results of the largest genomic study yet published for schizophrenia, ratings from informed researchers who have published on these genes, and ratings from 24 schizophrenia geneticists. On the basis of current empirical evidence and mostly consensual assessments of informed opinion, it appears that the historical candidate gene literature did not yield clear insights into the genetic basis of schizophrenia. A likely reason why historical candidate gene studies did not achieve their primary aims is inadequate statistical power. However, the considerable efforts embodied in these early studies unquestionably set the stage for current successes in genomic approaches to schizophrenia.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NIMH R01 MH077139 and U01 MH085520.

Author Contributions

All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Genomic Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    M S Farrell & P F Sullivan

  2. Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark

    T Werge

  3. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark

    T Werge

  4. The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark

    T Werge

  5. Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    P Sklar

  6. Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    P Sklar

  7. Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    P Sklar

  8. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    M J Owen & M C O'Donovan

  9. National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,

    M J Owen & M C O'Donovan

  10. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    R A Ophoff

  11. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    R A Ophoff

  12. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    R A Ophoff

  13. Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

    A Corvin

  14. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    S Cichon

  15. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    S Cichon

  16. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany

    S Cichon

  17. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    P F Sullivan

  18. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    P F Sullivan

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  1. M S Farrell
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  2. T Werge
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  3. P Sklar
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  4. M J Owen
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  8. S Cichon
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  9. P F Sullivan
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Correspondence to P F Sullivan.

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Farrell, M., Werge, T., Sklar, P. et al. Evaluating historical candidate genes for schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 20, 555–562 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.16

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