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Association between genetic variation in a region on chromosome 11 and schizophrenia in large samples from Europe

Molecular Psychiatry volume 17, pages 906–917 (2012)Cite this article

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Abstract

Recent molecular studies have implicated common alleles of small to moderate effect and rare alleles with larger effect sizes in the genetic architecture of schizophrenia (SCZ). It is expected that the reliable detection of risk variants with very small effect sizes can only be achieved through the recruitment of very large samples of patients and controls (that is tens of thousands), or large, potentially more homogeneous samples that have been recruited from confined geographical areas using identical diagnostic criteria. Applying the latter strategy, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1169 clinically well characterized and ethnically homogeneous SCZ patients from a confined area of Western Europe (464 from Germany, 705 from The Netherlands) and 3714 ethnically matched controls (1272 and 2442, respectively). In a subsequent follow-up study of our top GWAS results, we included an additional 2569 SCZ patients and 4088 controls (from Germany, The Netherlands and Denmark). Genetic variation in a region on chromosome 11 that contains the candidate genes AMBRA1, DGKZ, CHRM4 and MDK was significantly associated with SCZ in the combined sample (n=11 540; P=3.89 × 10−9, odds ratio (OR)=1.25). This finding was replicated in 23 206 independent samples of European ancestry (P=0.0029, OR=1.11). In a subsequent imaging genetics study, healthy carriers of the risk allele exhibited altered activation in the cingulate cortex during a cognitive control task. The area of interest is a critical interface between emotion regulation and cognition that is structurally and functionally abnormal in SCZ and bipolar disorder.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all of the patients who contributed to this study. We also thank the probands from the community-based cohorts of PopGen, KORA, the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study, the Rotterdam Elderly Study, as well as the Munich controls. This study was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), within the context of the National Genome Research Network plus (NGFNplus) and the MooDS-Net (grant 01GS08144 to SC and MMN, grant 01GS08147 to MR). MMN also received support from the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung. Further funding came from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2011) under grant agreement no. 242257 (ADAMS). The Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort was established with the support of the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Dr G Schmidt, Chairman). This study was also supported by The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant N N402 244035 to PMC), The Danish Council for Strategic Research (grant no. 2101–07-0059), H Lundbeck A/S, the Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University and the Stanley Medical Research Institute. Genotyping of the Dutch samples from Utrecht was sponsored by NIMH funding, R01 MH078075.

Author information

Author notes

  1. M Rietschel and M Mattheisen: These authors contributed equally to this work.

  2. R A Ophoff and S Cichon: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

    M Rietschel, J Strohmaier, R Breuer, C Schmael, S Meier, J Nikitopoulos & T G Schulze

  2. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    M Mattheisen, F Degenhardt, T W Mühleisen, S Herms, B Haenisch, L Priebe, F B Basmanav, A J Forstner, P Hoffmann, M Alexander, J Schumacher, M M Nöthen & S Cichon

  3. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    M Mattheisen, F Degenhardt, T W Mühleisen, S Herms, B Haenisch, L Priebe, F B Basmanav, A J Forstner, P Hoffmann, M Alexander, J Schumacher, M M Nöthen, M M Nöthen & S Cichon

  4. Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    M Mattheisen, M Steffens & T F Wienker

  5. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

    P Kirsch, C Esslinger & A Meyer-Lindenberg

  6. Department of Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    D Demontis & A D Børglum

  7. Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

    P M Czerski, P Kapelski & J Hauser

  8. Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

    I Giegling & D Rujescu

  9. Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    E Strengman & R A Ophoff

  10. Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark

    O Mors

  11. National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    P B Mortensen

  12. Department Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, The State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

    D M Hougaard

  13. AROS Aplied Biotechnology A/S and Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark

    T Ørntoft

  14. Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    S Moebus

  15. Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    R Mössner & W Maier

  16. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

    H-E Wichmann

  17. Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

    H-E Wichmann

  18. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    S Schreiber

  19. Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Eramsmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    F Rivandeneira & A G Uitterlinden

  20. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    F Rivandeneira, A Hofman & A G Uitterlinden

  21. UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    R M Cantor & R A Ophoff

  22. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charite Medical University Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    S Erk & H Walter

  23. Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    S Erk & H Walter

  24. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, G, ö, ttingen, Germany

    T G Schulze

  25. Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    N Craddock, M J Owen & M C O'Donovan

  26. Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark

    A D Børglum

  27. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany

    S Cichon

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  1. M Rietschel
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  2. M Mattheisen
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  3. F Degenhardt
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  4. T W Mühleisen
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  5. P Kirsch
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  6. C Esslinger
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  7. S Herms
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  9. M Steffens
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  18. P B Mortensen
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  21. P Kapelski
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  22. L Priebe
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  23. F B Basmanav
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  28. S Moebus
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  29. M Alexander
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  30. R Mössner
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  31. H-E Wichmann
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  32. S Schreiber
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  33. F Rivandeneira
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  34. A Hofman
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  35. A G Uitterlinden
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  36. T F Wienker
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  37. J Schumacher
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  38. J Hauser
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  39. W Maier
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  40. R M Cantor
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  41. S Erk
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  42. T G Schulze
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  45. M C O'Donovan
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  47. D Rujescu
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  48. H Walter
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  49. A Meyer-Lindenberg
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  50. M M Nöthen
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  52. S Cichon
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Consortia

GROUP Investigators

Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP Investigators)

  • René S Kahn
  • , Don H Linszen
  • , Jim van Os
  • , Durk Wiersma
  • , Richard Bruggeman
  • , Wiepke Cahn
  • , Lieuwe de Haan
  • , Lydia Krabbendam
  •  & Inez Myin-Germeys

SGENE-plus Consortium

(Only those persons responsible for the samples of Replication 2 are listed)

  • Hreinn Stefansson
  • , Stacy Steinberg
  • , Omar Gustafsson
  • , Engilbert Sigurdsson
  • , Hannes Petursson
  • , Augustine Kong
  • , Kari Stefansson
  • , Olli P H Pietiläinen
  • , Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
  • , Tiina Paunio
  • , Jouko Lonnqvist
  • , Jaana Suvisaari
  • , Leena Peltonen
  • , Mirella Ruggeri
  • , Sarah Tosato
  • , Muriel Walshe
  • , Robin Murray
  • , David A Collier
  • , David St Clair
  • , Thomas Hansen
  • , Andres Ingason
  • , Klaus D Jakobsen
  • , Linh Duong
  • , Thomas Werge
  • , Ingrid Melle
  • , Ole A Andreassen
  • , Srdjan Djurovic
  • , István Bitter
  • , János M Réthelyi
  • , Lilia Abramova
  • , Vasily Kaleda
  • , Vera Golimbet
  • , Erik G Jönsson
  • , Lars Terenius
  • , Ingrid Agartz
  • , Ruud van Winkel
  • , Gunter Kenis
  • , Marc De Hert
  • , Jan Veldink
  • , Carsten Wiuf
  •  & Michael Didriksen

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M Rietschel or S Cichon.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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René S Kahn1, Don H Linszen2, Jim van Os3, Durk Wiersma4, Richard Bruggeman4, Wiepke Cahn1, Lieuwe de Haan2, Lydia Krabbendam3 and Inez Myin-Germeys3 1Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3Maastricht University Medical Centre, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht, The Netherlands and4University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Hreinn Stefansson1, Stacy Steinberg1, Omar Gustafsson1, Engilbert Sigurdsson2, Hannes Petursson2, Augustine Kong1, Kari Stefansson1, Olli PH Pietiläinen3,4, Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson5, Tiina Paunio6, Jouko Lonnqvist5, Jaana Suvisaari5, Leena Peltonen3,4, Mirella Ruggeri7, Sarah Tosato7, Muriel Walshe8, Robin Murray8, David A Collier8, David St Clair9, Thomas Hansen10, Andres Ingason10, Klaus D Jakobsen10, Linh Duong10, Thomas Werge10, Ingrid Melle11, Ole A Andreassen12, Srdjan Djurovic12, István Bitter13, János M Réthelyi13, Lilia Abramova14, Vasily Kaleda14, Vera Golimbet14, Erik G Jönsson15, Lars Terenius15, Ingrid Agartz15, Ruud van Winkel16,17, Gunter Kenis16, Marc De Hert17, Jan Veldink18, Carsten Wiuf19 and Michael Didriksen20 1deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland;2Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Hringbraut, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland;3Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK;5Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FI-00300 Helsinki, Finland;6Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare THL, FI-00270 Helsinki, Finland;7Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;8Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK;9Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;10Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;11Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway;12Department of Psychiatry, Ullevål University Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, N-0407 Oslo, Norway;13Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary;14Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagorodnoe sh. 2/2, 117152 Moscow, Russia;15Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, R5:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden;16Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network (SEARCH), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;17University Psychiatric Centre Catholic University Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, B-3070 Kortenberg, Belgium;18Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;19Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and20Discovery Biology Research, H Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.

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Rietschel, M., Mattheisen, M., Degenhardt, F. et al. Association between genetic variation in a region on chromosome 11 and schizophrenia in large samples from Europe. Mol Psychiatry 17, 906–917 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.80

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