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Expression of α-synuclein is increased in the hippocampus of rats with high levels of innate anxiety

Molecular Psychiatry volume 14, pages 894–905 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

A genomic region neighboring the α-synuclein gene, on rat chromosome 4, has been associated with anxiety- and alcohol-related behaviors in different rat strains. In this study, we have investigated potential molecular and physiological links between α-synuclein and the behavioral differences observed between Lewis (LEW) and Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) inbred rats, a genetic model of anxiety. As expected, LEW rats appeared more fearful than SHR rats in three anxiety models: open field, elevated plus maze and light/dark box. Moreover, LEW rats displayed a higher preference for alcohol and consumed higher quantities of alcohol than SHR rats. α-Synuclein mRNA and protein concentrations were higher in the hippocampus, but not the hypothalamus of LEW rats. This result inversely correlated with differences in dopamine turnover in the hippocampus of LEW and SHR rats, supporting the hypothesis that α-synuclein is important in the downregulation of dopamine neurotransmission. A novel single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the α-synuclein cDNA between these two rat strains. Plasmid constructs based on the LEW 3′-UTR sequence displayed increased expression of a reporter gene in transiently transfected PC12 cells, in accordance with in-vivo findings, suggesting that this nucleotide exchange might participate in the differential expression of α-synuclein between LEW and SHR rats. These results are consistent with a novel role for α-synuclein in modulating rat anxiety-like behaviors, possibly through dopaminergic mechanisms. Since the behavioral and genetic differences between these two strains are the product of independent evolutionary histories, the possibility that polymorphisms in the α-synuclein gene may be associated with vulnerability to anxiety-related disorders in humans requires further investigation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr José Eduardo Krieger for laboratory facilities, Dr Hiro Goto for the vivarium, Dr Vilma R Martins for supplying the PC12 cells and Dr Randy J Nelson for the first editorial assistance. This study was supported by grants from the Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research Support (FAPESP: 05/02020-2 and 06/06904-5), from Studies and Projects Financier (FINEP: 0104/0258/00) and the Pronex 427/2003 project from Fapesc/CNPq. S Chiavegatto and A Ramos are research scholars from CNPq; GS Izídio had a scholarship from CNPq.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    S Chiavegatto

  2. Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    S Chiavegatto & A Mendes-Lana

  3. Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    S Chiavegatto & I Aneas

  4. Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil

    G S Izidio & A Ramos

  5. Department of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    T A Freitas & I M Conceição

  6. Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

    A S Torrão & L R G Britto

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  1. S Chiavegatto
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Chiavegatto, S., Izidio, G., Mendes-Lana, A. et al. Expression of α-synuclein is increased in the hippocampus of rats with high levels of innate anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 14, 894–905 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.43

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