TABLE 1

FROM:

The role of leptin in anorexia nervosa: clinical implications

J Hebebrand, T D Muller, K Holtkamp and B Herpertz-Dahlmann

Table 1. Synopsis of selected studies related to leptin in AN patients and other samples comprised of individuals with low fat mass (a complete overview of all studies related to leptin secretion in patients with AN is available from the authors)

Ref.	Subjects (n)	Mean age in years (range)	Mean BMIs.d. (range)	Mean leptin levels (g/l) (range)	Point in time of blood sampling	Correlation leptin: BMI (leptin: % body fat)	Detection
27	AN (n=15; one male)	19.9 (14–32)	13.8 (11.6–17.2)	<1 (n=10 including n=4 undetectable) 1–4 (n=5)	During in-patient treatment	No clear relation	ELISA
18	AN (n=23)	15.8 (13.1–18.6)	14.4 (12.4–17.3)	(0.04–1.69; n=18)	Within the first days upon referral	r=0.48; n=18	Self-devised RIA
118	AN (n=33)	22.86	15.71.6	1.91.8	Between 0800 and 0900 after an overnight fast	Not significant	Self-devised RIA
19	AN (n=11)	246	13.51.2	1.750.46	After an overnight fast; at the end of a 3-week nutritional stabilization phase	Not significant	Linco Research
28	AN (n=22)	234 (18–32)	16.31.6	5.63.7	After an overnight fast	r=0.60 (r=0.63)	Linco Research
61	AN (n=23)	16.20.3* (12.2–18.8)	16.70.2*	4.30.6*	In the fasted state at a baseline visit	r=0.59 (r=0.81)	Linco Research
120	AN (n=20)	22.11	13.70.4*	1.70.1*	While fasting	r=0.780 (r=0.805)	Linco Research
119	AN (n=20a) AN (n=23b)	15.51.6 16.21.6	17.01.1 16.20.9	3.32.1 3.12.4	In the fasting state at an initial visit	ND	Linco Research
39	AN (n=57)	25.07.0 (16–49)	15.21.5	2.31.6	At referral after an overnight fast	(r=0.57c, d)	Linco Research
121	AN (n=18)	23.05.6	14.22.3	2.50.9	At baseline after an overnight fast	r=0.34; n=13 (r=0.65; n=13)	Linco Research
73	AN (n=18)	14.11.2	14.41.2	1.91.2	After an overnight fast on day 7 of the 1st week of in-patient treatment	ND	Mediagnost
99	AN (n=61; group 1) AN (n=27; group 2)	17.54.6 (12.0–31.4) 14.51.3 (11.5–17.4)	14.51.5 (10.5–17.4) 14.51.3 (12.3–17.5)	0.91.4 (0.004–7.4) 1.81.1 (0.5–4.6)	At referral, after an overnight fast within 3 days upon admission	r=0.484c (group 1) [r=0.691c (group 1)]	Mediagnost
46	Undernourished Gambian children (n=472; 251 male)	8.010.69 (male) 8.000.68 (female)	14.01.01 13.891.04	1.830.48 (0.97–3.47) 2.360.91 (0.86–9.31)	At the morning after an overnight fast	Leptin positively associated with BMI and body fat for age z-score (P0.0001)	Linco Research
48	Ache Amerindians (n=12)	32.214.0	25.21.9	5.63.2	After their morning meal	ND	Linco Research
44	AN (n=9) Underweight women (n=7)	17.20.9 23.33.1	14.60.4 15.70.4	Undectectable (<2) Significantly higher than in AN patients (P>0.05)	After minimum weight gain of 10% At different times at the menstrual cycle	ND ND	Nichols Diagnostics

 Abbreviations: AN, anorexia nervosa; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; BN, bulimia nervosa; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ND, not determined; Ref., reference; RIA, radioimmunoassay.

^* s.e.m.

^a BMD z-score -1.

^b BMD z-score <-1.

^c Log leptin.

^d Fat mass.