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Inhibition of System A-mediated glycine transport in cortical synaptosomes by therapeutic concentrations of clozapine: implications for mechanisms of action

Molecular Psychiatry volume 10, pages 275–287 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with particular efficacy in schizophrenia, possibly related to potentiation of brain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) -mediated neurotransmission. NMDARs are regulated in vivo by glycine, which is regulated in turn by glycine transporters. The present study investigates transport processes regulating glycine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes, along with effects of clozapine on synaptosomal glycine transport. Amino-acid uptake of amino acids was assessed in rat brain P2 synaptosomal preparations using a radiotransport assay. Synaptosomal glycine transport was inhibited by a series of amino acids and by the selective System A antagonist MeAIB (2-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid). Clozapine inhibited transport of both glycine and MeAIB, but not other amino acids, at concentrations associated with preferential clinical response (0.5–1 μg/ml). By contrast, other antipsychotics studied were ineffective. The novel glycine transport inhibitor N[3-(4′-fluorophenyl)-3-(4′-phenylphenoxy)propyl]sarcosine (NFPS) produced biphasic inhibition of [3H]glycine transport, with IC50 values of approximately 25 nM and 25 μM, respectively. NFPS inhibition of [3H]MeAIB was monophasic with a single IC50 value of 31 μM. Clozapine significantly inhibited [3H]glycine binding even in the presence of 100 nM NFPS. In conclusion, this study suggests first that System A transporters, or a subset thereof, may play a critical role in regulation of synaptic glycine levels and by extension of NMDA receptor regulation, and second that System A antagonism may contribute to the differential clinical efficacy of clozapine compared with other typical or atypical antipsychotics.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr Lazslo Harsing of Egis Pharmaceuticals (Budapest, Hungary) for his gift of NFPS, and to acknowledge the technical contributions of Ms Elizabeth McGrath to this project. This work was funded by NIH Grants R01 DA03383 and K02 MH01438 and a Burroughs Wellcome Translational Scientist Award to DCJ.

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  1. Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research/New York University School of Medicine, Orangeburg, NY, USA

    D C Javitt, L Duncan, A Balla & H Sershen

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Javitt, D., Duncan, L., Balla, A. et al. Inhibition of System A-mediated glycine transport in cortical synaptosomes by therapeutic concentrations of clozapine: implications for mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry 10, 275–287 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001552

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