Milestones timeline

• PDF of all Milestones (1,271KB)

• 1959

  • 1. Discovery of an enzymatic activity capable of synthesizing RNA

• 1961

  • 2. The repressor model

    3. Random X-inactivation

• 1965

  • 4. Positive transcriptional control

• 1966

  • 5. Promoters: the key cis-element

• 1969

  • 6. Sigma factors and transcriptional initiation

    7. Identification of three eukaryotic RNA polymerases

• 1973 - 1974

  • 1973

    8. Transcriptional elongation and termination

    1973 - 1974

    9. The nucleosome hypothesis

• 1975

  • 10. DNA methylation represses gene expression

• 1978

  • 11. Sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors

• 1979

  • 12. In vitro reconstitution of RNA polymerase II transcription

• 1981

  • 13. Identification of enhancers and insulators

• 1982

  • 14. Mechanism of transcriptional activation

• 1984

  • 15. Genomic imprinting

• 1987

  • 16. Nucleosomes regulate gene expression

• 1992

  • 17. Identification of chromatin remodelling complexes

• 1994

  • 18. Co-activators and the Mediator complex

• 1995

  • 19. Histone-tail-binding proteins regulate chromatin structure

    20. Heterochromatin, gene silencing and RNA interference

    21. The microarray revolution

• 1996

  • 22. Histone modification regulates transcription

• 1999

  • 23. Structure of RNA polymerase

• PDF of all Milestones (1,271KB)

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• Nature Cell Biology
• Nature Genetics
• Nature Reviews Genetics
• Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
• Nature Structural & Molecular Biology