Mucosal Immunology

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HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system

J M Brenchley and D C Douek

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Figure 1.

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HIV-associated damage to the GI tract. (a) A healthy GI tract with villi, crypts, macrophages, dendritic cells, maintenance of the epithelial barrier, T cells, B cells, and luminal defensin peptides. (b) A chronically HIV-infected GI tract with (1) blunted villi, (2) crypt hyperplasia, (3) damage to the epithelial barrier with enterocyte apoptosis, (4) decreased luminal defensin, (5) massive CD4 T-cell depletion, (6) high frequencies of infected CD4 T cells with release of virions, (7) microbial translocation, and (8) increased permeability. (Reprinted from ref 103.)

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